ADF

ADF STAFF The African Union has had a regional peacekeeping mission in Somalia for nearly as long as the country has been plagued by an Islamist extremist insurgency. Established in 2007, the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) is tasked with supporting the fledgling government, implementing a national security strategy and training Somali security forces until they can defend the country. Fourteen years later, the terror group al-Shabaab remains capable of launching attacks and is firmly entrenched in certain regions of the country. AMISOM’s mandate from the United Nations Security Council is set to expire at year’s end, and there…

ADF STAFF Weeks after a military coup in Sudan, street protests continue to rage, and outside mediators are trying to negotiate a return to stability. Questions remain about what led to the coup and what the future holds for the country of 44 million. Roots of the Coup The October 25 coup happened less than a month before civilian leaders were due to take control of the Sovereignty Council, the joint military-civilian power-sharing structure put in place after the ouster of Omar al-Bashir in 2019. Under the agreement, the chairmanship of the Sovereignty Council was to pass to civilian control…

ADF STAFF After the killing of more than a dozen people in February at a mosque in Bambari in the Central African Republic (CAR), government forces came back to root out suspected Séléka rebels. When a 15-year-old stepped outside his house to see what had happened, a sharpshooter in a helicopter hovering over the community shot him dead. The boy’s father also was killed when he rushed outside to try to help his son. The mother who lost her son and husband said there was no question about who is to blame. “It was the Russians who killed my husband,”…

ADF STAFF Musa Sila, 57, has worked at sea for nearly four decades, but never in his career was he treated as poorly as when spent several months on a Chinese vessel in the Indian Ocean. During a meeting with Kenyan maritime authorities, fisheries sector stakeholders and politicians, Sila said he was forced to eat snakes and engage in crime. Sila and other Kenyan fishermen said their Chinese supervisors told them not to complain and threatened to throw them overboard if they did not cooperate. Kenya has approved licenses for seven Chinese fishing trawlers to operate in its exclusive economic…

ADF STAFF Armed separatist groups in Cameroon and Nigeria are joining forces in a move that is alarming officials on both sides of the border. On September 16, militants in Bamessing, Cameroon, ambushed a convoy carrying Cameroonian Rapid Intervention Battalion Soldiers. The attackers were English-speaking separatists fighting for an independent state known as Ambazonia. In the attack that left 15 Cameroonian Soldiers and several civilians dead, assailants used improvised explosive devices, heavy weapons and an anti-tank rocket launcher. Officials believe the fighters obtained the sophisticated weaponry from allies across the border in Nigeria, possibly those fighting for an independent state…

ADF STAFF Russia recently admitted it has been blocking United Nations investigations into violations of arms embargoes in four African conflict zones — some involving Russian mercenaries. U.N. diplomats on September 29 said Russia is delaying the appointment of independent experts to monitor violations of U.N. sanctions in the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Mali and South Sudan. “It looks like Moscow wants to paralyze sanctions and panels of experts to divert attention from what Wagner is up to in Africa,” International Crisis Group’s U.N. Director Richard Gowan told Foreign Policy magazine. “So in…

ADF STAFF From colorfully patterned radiated tortoises to sea cucumbers, Madagascar’s wildlife ranks among some of the most poached on the planet, with much of the island’s plundered natural resources headed for China. A new program launched in October by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) aims to undermine illegal wildlife trafficking and the corruption that helps it flourish. USAID’s Countering Corruption and Wildlife Trafficking project is a joint effort with Transparency International Initiative Madagascar and Alliance Voahary Gasy, as well as the international anti-trafficking group TRAFFIC and the World Wildlife Fund. The three-year project will identify the best…

ADF STAFF Small-scale fishermen on Madagascar’s east coast are disturbed by the growing presence of Chinese fishing trawlers in the island nation’s waters. In the last several years, at least 14 Chinese industrial vessels have likely fished in Madagascar’s waters, according to an analysis by OceanMind, a United Kingdom-based nonprofit organization that specializes in marine compliance and fisheries management. Madagascar’s government may have authorized the Chinese vessels to fish there, but if it did, the authorization process was not public. “It is of course unacceptable that so many vessels operate within Malagasy waters without any publicly known contract or permit,”…

ADF STAFF Through its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China has loaned billions of dollars to African nations for a variety of major infrastructure projects, from highways and ports to power plants and government buildings. Although countries such as Angola, Kenya and Mozambique have acknowledged much of their debt to Chinese lenders, a new study by the AidData project has revealed that countries across the continent are responsible for billions more in “hidden debt” — debt issued to private entities or state-operated enterprises for which national governments also are responsible in the event of a default. Globally, the scale of…

ADF STAFF Amid a recent surge of terrorism in Somalia and the continued lack of adequate state security forces, the need for peacekeepers remains high. Time is running out, however, on the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), which is set to expire December 31. The AU and the government of Somalia do not agree about what the mission should look like moving forward. On October 10, the AU’s Peace and Security Council (AUPSC) announced its intention to form a joint mission with the United Nations and allow “other willing and interested AU Member States” to join the operation. The…