ADF

ADF STAFF For months, the citizens of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have witnessed a major military buildup, cease-fires and negotiations — all aimed at ending the M23 rebels’ reign of terror. With precious little security in their daily lives, many wonder if the region is stuck in a permanent state of conflict. Researchers Judith Verweijen and Christoph Vogel examined the last three decades of violence and found it has been “increasingly driven by the legacy of previous unsolved problems.” “Peace deals, such as the 2013 deal with the M23, have generally remained on paper,” they wrote in…

ADF STAFF Hundreds of people, mostly unarmed civilians, were slaughtered in Moura, a village in the Mopti region of Mali in March 2022. According to a U.N. report released in May, Russia’s Wagner Group of mercenaries oversaw the massacre. “These are extremely disturbing findings,” Volker Türk, the U.N. high commissioner for human rights, told The Guardian. “Summary executions, rape and torture during armed conflict amount to war crimes and could, depending on the circumstances, amount to crimes against humanity.” The Wagner Group’s actions in Mali over the past year, coupled with France’s withdrawal of all troops from the country, is…

ADF STAFF Wearing heavy work boots and a hard hat, Nancy Sunday climbed into her MineWolf, an armored vehicle that tills land to crush or detonate buried mines and other explosives. The mines, some of which date back to the 1980’s, are deadly remnants of the country’s fight for independence and other battles. Over the years, multiple combatants have laid thousands of mines across roads and fields around the country. Sunday’s hazardous work for Norwegian People’s Aid (NPA) is important as more than 5,000 people have been killed or injured by mines and unexploded ordnance in South Sudan since 2004,…

ADF STAFF If the conflict in Sudan continues to escalate, experts say the fighting could spread over the porous Chadian border to the west. Mucahid Durmaz, senior analyst at risk intelligence firm Verisk Maplecroft, believes Chadian rebels involved in Sudan’s conflict could push the region toward further instability. “What happens in Sudan, will not stay in Sudan,” he told The Financial Times newspaper. “All of Sudan’s neighbors are struggling with political instability, civil wars and insurgencies. “The longer the fight drags on, the more likely it will spill over.” Fighting broke out in Sudan on April 15 between Gen. Abdel…

ADF STAFF New reporting details the extreme measures China will take to collect information about countries where it lends money. An investigation by Reuters, published on May 24, revealed that Chinese hackers engaged in a widespread, three-year campaign of cyberattacks on the Kenyan government regarding the debt it owed to China and many other issues. “A lot of documents from the ministry of foreign affairs were stolen and from the finance department as well,” a Kenyan cybersecurity expert told the news service. Two of the sources Reuters relied on in its investigation said the hacks show that China is willing…

ADF STAFF Thandi Modise recognized the irony of a Gripen jet roaring overhead as she delivered a speech to open the African Aerospace and Defence Expo in Tshwane, South Africa, last September. Grounded for a year because of budgetary constraints, the Gripen was symbolic of the challenges that affect South Africa’s defense industry and Modise’s staunch optimism that things are turning around. “It’s one of the things we have been quietly fixing,” she said in an impromptu moment. “For the skeptics who say nothing is working, a lot of things are beginning to work in the defense force. It’s not…

ADF STAFF The world was shocked last year at the deaths of nearly 70 children in The Gambia that were linked to cough syrup from India. The medicines contained “unacceptable” levels of diethylene and ethylene glycol, and the children developed acute kidney problems after taking the medicines, which may have been distributed through informal markets, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The incidents, which WHO head Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus characterized as “beyond heartbreaking,” highlighted a trend of illicit drug and medicine trafficking to and from the Sahel region and West Africa. Illegal drugs and medicines kill nearly 500,000 people…

ADF STAFF Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud made it clear after winning a second term last year that defeating al-Shabaab is the government’s main priority. The terrorist group has indiscriminately killed civilians, battled government forces and held swaths of territory since 2006. Mohamud called for the increased mobilization of local militias known as “Ma’awisley” to complement operations by Somali forces, the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) and other allies. “You are either with us or with al-Shabaab, and there can be nothing in between,” Mohamud said in a televised address. The government provides clan militias with logistical support,…

ADF STAFF Although military and intelligence operations have weakened al-Qaida in recent years, the extremist group is trying to make a comeback, and its focus is on Africa. A recent report by Modern Diplomacy noted that the “primary focus” of al-Qaida’s growth and development seems to be Africa. The Washington Post also reported that “the central zone of Islamist-related violence has shifted away from the Middle East and South Asia” and now focuses on Africa. Sahel expert Andrew Lebovich said that in recent years, al-Qaida has been particularly involved in the Sahel and the Lake Chad Basin. “Even where some…

ADF STAFF For two days, members of the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) defended a military industrial facility in Yarmouk from attacks by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). On June 7, as a fire blazed near the site, the RSF posted a video claiming to have taken control of a warehouse filled with firearms and ammunition. For experts tracking the violence, incidents like this confirm a fear that weapons could be looted and circulate inside and out of the country. “Anywhere there are security breaches at weapons stockpile facilities then, yes, some of that materiel may find its way across…