{"id":36899,"date":"2022-11-08T15:17:53","date_gmt":"2022-11-08T20:17:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=36899"},"modified":"2022-11-08T15:18:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-08T20:18:34","slug":"conflito-armado-causa-crises-alimentares","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2022\/11\/conflito-armado-causa-crises-alimentares\/","title":{"rendered":"Conflito Armado Causa Crises Alimentares"},"content":{"rendered":"

EQUIPA DA ADF<\/p>\n

Larba Mathieu Yougbare inclinou-se parar tentar remexer o solo firme e seco com uma pequena enxada. A frustra\u00e7\u00e3o era t\u00e3o evidente no rosto do agricultor quanto as gotas de suor.<\/p>\n

Ele regressou para a cidade de Fada no leste do Burquina Faso de m\u00e3os vazias.<\/p>\n

\u201cA colheita est\u00e1 fraca,\u201d disse ao Comit\u00e9 Internacional da Cruz Vermelha (ICRC) no in\u00edcio deste ano. \u201cViemos c\u00e1 porque fomos obrigados a fugir da nossa aldeia. As nossas terras na aldeia s\u00e3o mais f\u00e9rteis do que as daqui.\u201d<\/p>\n

Yougbare recebeu um pequeno terreno para trabalhar pr\u00f3ximo de Fada, mas os seus esfor\u00e7os produziram pouca recompensa.<\/p>\n

A fome persegue os refugiados numa das partes mais afectadas pela viol\u00eancia no mundo.<\/p>\n

Ele \u00e9 um dos 1,8 milh\u00f5es de burquinab\u00eas, aproximadamente 10% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o, que fugiram das suas casas em busca de seguran\u00e7a. Assim como 80% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o do pa\u00eds, Yougbare depende da agricultura para a sua subsist\u00eancia.<\/p>\n

Da mesma forma que engoliu a regi\u00e3o do Sahel, a insurg\u00eancia aparentemente intrat\u00e1vel invadiu o Burquina Faso. Vastas faixas de terra continuam fora do controlo do governo.<\/p>\n

O Sahel \u00e9 exemplo de como a inseguran\u00e7a alimentar aumentou drasticamente em toda a \u00c1frica.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
O mapa ilustra as regi\u00f5es onde a inseguran\u00e7a alimentar varia de \u201cacentuada,\u201d pintada a amarelo, a \u201cfome,\u201d pintada de vermelho-escuro. Muitas das \u00e1reas com os n\u00edveis mais elevados de inseguran\u00e7a alimentar tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o assoladas por conflito. CENTRO DE ESTUDOS ESTRAT\u00c9GICOS DE \u00c1FRICA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Os especialistas afirmam que o terrorismo e a guerra s\u00e3o as causas predominantes.<\/p>\n

\u201cA viol\u00eancia no Sahel n\u00e3o est\u00e1 apenas a impulsionar a crise alimentar, em muitos lugares est\u00e1 a instig\u00e1-la,\u201d Director do ICRC para \u00c1frica, Patrick Youssef, referiu num comunicado. \u201cA situa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 cr\u00edtica e o per\u00edodo de escassez [p\u00f3s-colheita] pode significar uma cat\u00e1strofe se esfor\u00e7os concertados n\u00e3o forem feitos para ajudar milhares de pessoas afectadas.\u201d<\/p>\n

Cerca de 346 milh\u00f5es de pessoas no continente africano enfrentam inseguran\u00e7a alimentar grave, de acordo com a avalia\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas, feita em Maio.<\/p>\n

\u201cOs mais afectados s\u00e3o pa\u00edses que se encontram em conflito armado,\u201d disse Youssef.<\/p>\n

Existem muitas causas principais da fome em \u00c1frica: a pobreza, a pandemia da COVID-19, a perda de servi\u00e7os b\u00e1sicos e a guerra da R\u00fassia contra a Ucr\u00e2nia, na regi\u00e3o do leste da Europa conhecida como \u201co cesto de p\u00e3o do mundo.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mas a deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o da seguran\u00e7a encontra-se no topo da lista. Na verdade, mapas que destacam as regi\u00f5es que est\u00e3o a lidar com fome severa s\u00e3o semelhantes aos mapas de regi\u00f5es com conflitos armados activos.<\/p>\n

Na sua previs\u00e3o conjunta publicada, de Outubro de 2022 a Janeiro de 2023, a Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o da ONU para Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o e Agricultura e o Programa Mundial de Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o (PMA) soaram o alarme.<\/p>\n

\u201cA viol\u00eancia organizada e o conflito armado continuam a ser os impulsionadores prim\u00e1rios de inseguran\u00e7a alimentar grave em muitas regi\u00f5es e na maioria das bolsas de fome,\u201d argumentam. \u201cIsso reflecte uma tend\u00eancia global onde o conflito continua a afectar a maior parte da popula\u00e7\u00e3o que enfrenta a inseguran\u00e7a alimentar grave.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs principais tend\u00eancias indicam que os n\u00edveis de conflito e viol\u00eancia contra civis aumentaram de forma cont\u00ednua em 2022.\u201d<\/p>\n

Encontrando-se j\u00e1 numa situa\u00e7\u00e3o fr\u00e1gil, os deslocados est\u00e3o extremamente vulner\u00e1veis a choques alimentares. Muitas vezes, fam\u00edlias e comunidades inteiras que fogem da viol\u00eancia dependem da ajuda humanit\u00e1ria para sobreviver.<\/p>\n

Milhares de pessoas encontram-se presas em regi\u00f5es onde as organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de ajuda humanit\u00e1ria n\u00e3o podem chegar por causa da inseguran\u00e7a.<\/p>\n

No Burquina Faso, o ICRC comunicou situa\u00e7\u00f5es delicadas nas vilas de Djibo, Kelbo, Madjoari, Mansila e Pama.<\/p>\n

\u201cConfinadas a espa\u00e7os cada vez mais apertados e incapazes de fugir, essas pessoas est\u00e3o a enfrentar uma grande crise alimentar sozinhas,\u201d disse a organiza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

A ONU e o PMA alistaram Eti\u00f3pia, Nig\u00e9ria, Som\u00e1lia e Sud\u00e3o do Sul nos n\u00edveis de alerta m\u00e1ximo da escala de Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o Integrada de Fases de Inseguran\u00e7a Alimentar (IPC), argumentando que \u201ctodos eles t\u00eam popula\u00e7\u00f5es que enfrentam ou se projecta que enfrentem a fome.\u201d<\/p>\n

A escala da IPC de 1 a 5 varia de m\u00ednima para acentuada, passando por crise, emerg\u00eancia e cat\u00e1strofe.<\/p>\n

Os pa\u00edses africanos comp\u00f5em 11 das 19 \u201cbolsas de fome\u201d mundiais alistadas na previs\u00e3o trimestral da FAO\/PMA.<\/p>\n

Mais de 70% das popula\u00e7\u00f5es africanas que enfrentavam n\u00edveis de crise ou piores (n\u00edveis 3-5) de inseguran\u00e7a alimentar, em 2021, viviam em pa\u00edses afectados por conflitos, de acordo com os dados da IPC.<\/p>\n

Esses n\u00fameros aumentaram em 22% em 2022.<\/p>\n

Os quatro pa\u00edses africanos no n\u00edvel 5, ou na fase de cat\u00e1strofe, est\u00e3o arrasados pela viol\u00eancia.<\/p>\n

A guerra civil da Eti\u00f3pia, com a sua regi\u00e3o de Tigr\u00e9, consitui o conflito mais sangrento do mundo dos \u00faltimos dois anos. Partes da Nig\u00e9ria continuam afectadas por m\u00faltiplos grupos terroristas e bandidismo desenfreado. O Sud\u00e3o do Sul \u00e9 assolado por viol\u00eancia intercomunit\u00e1ria. A Som\u00e1lia esteve em guerra com uma insurg\u00eancia ligada ao al-Qaeda durante mais de uma d\u00e9cada.<\/p>\n

O Sahel \u00e9 um outro grande foco em temos de terrorismo e inseguran\u00e7a alimentar.<\/p>\n

Na regi\u00e3o de fronteira tr\u00edplice de Liptako-Gourma, o ICRC comunicou que \u201c80% de terras cultiv\u00e1veis foram perdidas em mais de 100 aldeias, quando as culturas foram destru\u00eddas e as popula\u00e7\u00f5es obrigadas a fugir.<\/p>\n

\u201cA nossa monitoria p\u00f3s-colheita nas prov\u00edncias de Yatenga e Loroum, no Burquina Faso, demonstraram perdas de culturas de at\u00e9 90%.\u201d<\/p>\n

O Secret\u00e1rio-Geral da ONU, Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, fez um apelo urgente para a tomada de medidas em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 crise interligada durante uma reuni\u00e3o do Conselho de Seguran\u00e7a, em Maio.<\/p>\n

\u201cQuando se est\u00e1 em guerra, a popula\u00e7\u00e3o passa fome,\u201d disse. \u201cQue n\u00e3o haja d\u00favidas: quando este conselho debate o conflito, voc\u00eas debatem a fome.<\/p>\n

\u201cQuando voc\u00eas tomam decis\u00f5es sobre a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o da paz e de miss\u00f5es pol\u00edticas, voc\u00eas est\u00e3o a tomar decis\u00f5es sobre a fome. E quando voc\u00eas n\u00e3o conseguem alcan\u00e7ar um consenso, pessoas famintas pagam um alto pre\u00e7o.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EQUIPA DA ADF Larba Mathieu Yougbare inclinou-se parar tentar remexer o solo firme e seco com uma pequena enxada. A frustra\u00e7\u00e3o era t\u00e3o evidente no rosto do agricultor quanto as gotas de suor. Ele regressou para a cidade de Fada no leste do Burquina Faso de m\u00e3os vazias. \u201cA colheita est\u00e1 fraca,\u201d disse ao Comit\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36895,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[363],"tags":[503,762,499,799,1020,453,501,602,535,744,534],"class_list":{"0":"post-36899","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melhores-historias","8":"tag-burkina-faso-pt-pt","9":"tag-etiopia","10":"tag-extremismo","11":"tag-guerra-civil-pt-pt","12":"tag-insurgencia","13":"tag-nigeria-pt-pt","14":"tag-sahel-pt-pt","15":"tag-seguranca-alimentar","16":"tag-somalia-pt-pt","17":"tag-sudao-do-sul","18":"tag-terrorismo"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nConflito Armado Causa Crises Alimentares - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2022\/11\/conflito-armado-causa-crises-alimentares\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Conflito Armado Causa Crises Alimentares - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EQUIPA DA ADF Larba Mathieu Yougbare inclinou-se parar tentar remexer o solo firme e seco com uma pequena enxada. 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