{"id":24345,"date":"2021-06-02T12:20:55","date_gmt":"2021-06-02T16:20:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=24345"},"modified":"2021-06-02T12:21:19","modified_gmt":"2021-06-02T16:21:19","slug":"estarao-os-conflito-etnicos-a-dividir-a-etiopia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2021\/06\/estarao-os-conflito-etnicos-a-dividir-a-etiopia\/","title":{"rendered":"Estar\u00e3o os Conflito \u00c9tnicos a Dividir a Eti\u00f3pia?"},"content":{"rendered":"

EQUIPA DA ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

A guerra civil da Eti\u00f3pia, na regi\u00e3o norte de Tigr\u00e9, j\u00e1 se arrastou por mais de seis meses.<\/p>\n

O que o Primeiro-Ministro, Abiy Ahmed, inicialmente chamou de \u201cuma opera\u00e7\u00e3o de exig\u00eancia do cumprimento da lei\u201d contra \u00e0 Frente de Liberta\u00e7\u00e3o do Povo do Tigr\u00e9 (TPLF) acaba de transformar-se num caos marginal. O gabinete dos direitos humanos das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas afirma que todas as partes envolvidas s\u00e3o acusadas de cometer crimes de guerra contra civis.<\/p>\n

N\u00e3o se vislumbra um fim \u00e0 vista, e o conflito j\u00e1 motivou disputas violentas nas fronteiras dentro de Estados semiaut\u00f3nomos e etnicamente separados da Eti\u00f3pia e com pa\u00edses vizinhos.<\/p>\n

Quando Abiy se consolidou no poder, em 2019, atrav\u00e9s da dissolu\u00e7\u00e3o do partido no poder, prometeu que iria realizar elei\u00e7\u00f5es livres e justas. Ele lan\u00e7ou-se como o candidato da unidade, com o seu rec\u00e9m-formado Partido da Prosperidade, prometendo democratiza\u00e7\u00e3o, harmonia, reconcilia\u00e7\u00e3o e liberaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da economia dirigida ao n\u00edvel federal.<\/p>\n

Mas a Eti\u00f3pia, que alguma vez j\u00e1 foi o bast\u00e3o da estabilidade no Corno de \u00c1frica, nunca estive t\u00e3o dividida.<\/p>\n

Abiy culpa \u201ca pol\u00edtica e a viol\u00eancia baseada na identidade.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u201cLamento ter de reconhecer que ainda n\u00e3o vencemos a batalha contra os inimigos internos,\u201d disse num discurso transmitido pela televis\u00e3o, no dia 25 de Mar\u00e7o de 2021. \u201cDevemos revisitar as nossas tradi\u00e7\u00f5es, autenticar a nossa amizade e renovar a nossa solidariedade que j\u00e1 passou pelo teste do tempo.\u201d<\/p>\n

A Eti\u00f3pia \u00e9 altamente diversa, com mais de 90 grupos \u00e9tnicos entre os seus mais de 112 milh\u00f5es de habitantes. Os mais numerosos s\u00e3o os Oromo, Amhara, Somali e Tigr\u00e9s, que, em conjunto, constituem cerca de tr\u00eas quartos da popula\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

O pa\u00eds est\u00e1 a enfrentar uma crise que tem as suas ra\u00edzes na sua Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o de 1995, que estabelece o federalismo \u00e9tnico com esperan\u00e7as da cria\u00e7\u00e3o de igualdade. Esse sistema de governa\u00e7\u00e3o, que divide o pa\u00eds em 10 regi\u00f5es \u00e9tnicas, foi implementado por uma coliga\u00e7\u00e3o governamental dirigida pela TPLF, depois de ter ajudado a libertar o pa\u00eds do regime comunista brutal Derg, em 1991.<\/p>\n

Os Tigr\u00e9s mant\u00eam posi\u00e7\u00f5es de poder no governo, no ex\u00e9rcito e na economia da Eti\u00f3pia por aproximadamente tr\u00eas d\u00e9cadas. Durante esse tempo, o ressentimento e as divis\u00f5es \u00e9tnicas foram-se agravando.<\/p>\n

Actualmente, Tigr\u00e9 \u00e9 o epicentro de conflitos \u00e9tnicos e internos abrangentes que alguns temem que podem destruir o segundo pa\u00eds mais populoso de \u00c1frica.<\/p>\n

As for\u00e7as federais fizeram o lan\u00e7amento de uma opera\u00e7\u00e3o militar contra a regi\u00e3o nortenha, em Novembro \u00faltimo. Esta opera\u00e7\u00e3o ocorreu depois de os administradores da TPLF terem desafiado o governo central, atrav\u00e9s da realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de elei\u00e7\u00f5es, e as for\u00e7as de Tigr\u00e9 atacaram uma base militar.<\/p>\n

Mais de seis meses depois, milhares de pessoas foram mortas e mais de 1,7 milh\u00f5es fugiram para regi\u00f5es pr\u00f3ximas e para pa\u00edses vizinhos.<\/p>\n

William Davison, um analista et\u00edope que trabalha com o grupo de reflex\u00e3o denominado Grupo Internacional da Crise, sediado na B\u00e9lgica, considera Tigr\u00e9 como o exemplo mais dram\u00e1tico de tens\u00f5es \u00e9tnicas e regionais que o pa\u00eds j\u00e1 enfrentou.<\/p>\n

“Com a continua\u00e7\u00e3o do conflito em Tigr\u00e9, e muitas pessoas naquele ponto do continente a apoiarem a resist\u00eancia armada e mesmo a secess\u00e3o, o desafio permanente para o Primeiro-Ministro \u00e9 de manter o pa\u00eds em p\u00e9 em vez de procurar unific\u00e1-lo ainda mais,” disse \u00e0 Reuters.<\/p>\n

As disputas \u00e9tnicas em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao poder, \u00e0 terra e aos recursos transformaram-se em viol\u00eancia pouco antes das elei\u00e7\u00f5es nacionais, que j\u00e1 tinham sido adiadas duas vezes.<\/p>\n

Os civis de ambos os lados da fronteira, entre Amhara e Oromia, foram atacados, nestes \u00faltimos meses, enquanto mil\u00edcias \u00e9tnicos ligados aos partidos pol\u00edticos regionais tentam expulsar outras etnias.<\/p>\n

As autoridades afirmam que 36,24 milh\u00f5es de et\u00edopes j\u00e1 se recensearam para votar nas elei\u00e7\u00f5es agora marcadas para o dia 21 de Junho. Sem participar est\u00e1 a regi\u00e3o problem\u00e1tica de Tigr\u00e9, onde Abiy admitiu que o seu ex\u00e9rcito enfrenta uma luta dif\u00edcil e cansativa contra os remanescentes da TPLF.<\/p>\n

“A junta, que n\u00f3s t\u00ednhamos eliminado em tr\u00eas semanas, agora transformou-se numa for\u00e7a de guerrilha, misturada com agricultores e come\u00e7ou a movimentar-se de um lugar para o outro,\u201d disse num discurso no parlamento, em Abril.<\/p>\n

Abiy tamb\u00e9m prev\u00ea uma luta nas elei\u00e7\u00f5es que se avizinham. Espera-se que quest\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a em v\u00e1rios pontos de maior destaque causem atrasos, enquanto os l\u00edderes regionais e os homens fortes trabalham para organizar blocos de vota\u00e7\u00e3o locais.<\/p>\n

As elei\u00e7\u00f5es podem servir como um referendo para o federalismo \u00e9tnico ou para a plataforma de unidade do Partido da Prosperidade, num pa\u00eds fracturado, onde rivalidades profundamente repressivas foram dramaticamente expostas.<\/p>\n

“N\u00e3o h\u00e1 d\u00favidas de que a Eti\u00f3pia est\u00e1 numa encruzilhada agora,” Kassahun Berhanu, professor de ci\u00eancias pol\u00edticas, na Universidade de Adis Abeba, disse ao The Associated Press. “O federalismo \u00e9tnico n\u00e3o \u00e9 mau, mas deve ser implementado de uma forma que n\u00e3o exclua a necessidade de sentimento de na\u00e7\u00e3o. Porque estes dois n\u00e3o s\u00e3o mutuamente exclusivos.<\/p>\n

Os direitos \u00e9tnicos n\u00e3o podem existir em detrimento do sentimento essencial de perten\u00e7a comum.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EQUIPA DA ADF A guerra civil da Eti\u00f3pia, na regi\u00e3o norte de Tigr\u00e9, j\u00e1 se arrastou por mais de seis meses. O que o Primeiro-Ministro, Abiy Ahmed, inicialmente chamou de \u201cuma opera\u00e7\u00e3o de exig\u00eancia do cumprimento da lei\u201d contra \u00e0 Frente de Liberta\u00e7\u00e3o do Povo do Tigr\u00e9 (TPLF) acaba de transformar-se num caos marginal. O<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24339,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[363],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-24345","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melhores-historias"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEstar\u00e3o os Conflito \u00c9tnicos a Dividir a Eti\u00f3pia? - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2021\/06\/estarao-os-conflito-etnicos-a-dividir-a-etiopia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Estar\u00e3o os Conflito \u00c9tnicos a Dividir a Eti\u00f3pia? - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EQUIPA DA ADF A guerra civil da Eti\u00f3pia, na regi\u00e3o norte de Tigr\u00e9, j\u00e1 se arrastou por mais de seis meses. O que o Primeiro-Ministro, Abiy Ahmed, inicialmente chamou de \u201cuma opera\u00e7\u00e3o de exig\u00eancia do cumprimento da lei\u201d contra \u00e0 Frente de Liberta\u00e7\u00e3o do Povo do Tigr\u00e9 (TPLF) acaba de transformar-se num caos marginal. 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