{"id":18390,"date":"2020-10-07T15:23:41","date_gmt":"2020-10-07T19:23:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=18390"},"modified":"2020-10-07T15:24:47","modified_gmt":"2020-10-07T19:24:47","slug":"zimbabwe-luta-com-o-custo-do-carvao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2020\/10\/zimbabwe-luta-com-o-custo-do-carvao\/","title":{"rendered":"Zimbabwe Luta com o Custo do Carv\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"

EQUIPA DA ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

Monitores da fauna bravia que observavam rinocerontes-negros em risco de extin\u00e7\u00e3o, no Zimbabwe, depararam-se recentemente com algo inesperado. No meio da paisagem virgem do Parque Nacional Hwange, um grupo de chineses fazia escava\u00e7\u00f5es, \u00e0 procura de carv\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

A organiza\u00e7\u00e3o zimbabweana de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o, sem fins lucrativos, Bhejane Trust, comunicou o incidente na sua p\u00e1gina do Facebook, no dia 1 de Setembro, e disse que as Autoridades de Gest\u00e3o do Parque e Fauna Bravia do Zimbabwe prenderam os homens e entregaram-nos \u00e0 pol\u00edcia. “Contudo, pouco tempo depois, eles reapareceram com uma licen\u00e7a que lhes d\u00e1 o direito de continuar no parque, com escava\u00e7\u00f5es explorat\u00f3rias,” comunicou o grupo.<\/p>\n

A hist\u00f3ria tornou-se uma not\u00edcia internacional e causou revolta. O hashtag #SaveHwangeNationalPark espalhou-se rapidamente nas redes sociais.<\/p>\n

No dia 7 de Setembro, a Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Lei Ambiental do Zimbabwe (ZELA, acr\u00f3nimo ingl\u00eas) submeteu um processo no tribunal supremo do pa\u00eds, para bloquear duas empresas chinesas \u2014 Zhongxin Coal Mining Group e Afrochine Smelting \u2014 de realizar a minera\u00e7\u00e3o no parque, citando “um grave risco de degrada\u00e7\u00e3o ecol\u00f3gica irrevers\u00edvel.”<\/p>\n

No dia seguinte, a Ministra de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o do Zimbabwe, Monica Mutsvangwa, anunciou uma proibi\u00e7\u00e3o imediata, dizendo que \u201cest\u00e3o a ser dados passos no sentido de cancelar imediatamente todos os t\u00edtulos mineiros detidos em parques nacionais.\u201d<\/p>\n

A popula\u00e7\u00e3o local e os activistas celebraram aquilo que esperavam ser um ponto de viragem na protec\u00e7\u00e3o da fauna bravia africana e do meio ambiente. Mas isso pode ser uma miragem porque no dia 15 de Setembro, o Juiz rejeitou o processo, com base em problemas t\u00e9cnicos. A ZELA prometeu continuar o seu desafio no tribunal.<\/p>\n

Com mais de 100 esp\u00e9cies de mam\u00edferos e 400 de aves, o Parque Nacional Hwange \u00e9 uma das zonas de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o mais diversificadas do mundo. Mas o parque de 14.651 quil\u00f3metros quadrados \u00e9 amea\u00e7ado por seca, ca\u00e7a furtiva, tr\u00e1fico e agora minera\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

“Esta \u00e9 uma das maiores reservas de ca\u00e7a do mundo, e as minas estariam num dos lugares mais virgens do parque,” disse Trevor Lane, da Bhejane Trust, ao jornal The Guardian <\/em>.<\/p>\n

“Se isso continuar, ser\u00e1 o fim do parque. Mataria a ind\u00fastria do turismo, que vale centenas de milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares.”<\/p>\n

O turismo \u00e9 uma forma a partir da qual o pa\u00eds espera reavivar a sua economia em dificuldades. A minera\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma outra.<\/p>\n

A China \u00e9 um grande investidor no Zimbabwe, que espera que a minera\u00e7\u00e3o do carv\u00e3o permita que at\u00e9 2023 ela exporte energia. O Presidente Emmerson Mnangagwa apresentou a sua vis\u00e3o de fazer crescer o sector mineiro do pa\u00eds, transformando-o numa ind\u00fastria de 12 bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares nos pr\u00f3ximos tr\u00eas anos.<\/p>\n

Contudo, o carv\u00e3o vem com um custo. Centrais t\u00e9rmicas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de energia s\u00e3o famosas por produzirem uma vasta gama de poluentes prejudiciais para os seres humanos e para o meio ambiente.<\/p>\n

De acordo com a Greenpeace, empresas e bancos chineses est\u00e3o a financiar pelo menos 13 projectos de energia \u00e0 base de carv\u00e3o em \u00c1frica, com mais nove planificados. Isso apesar de o Presidente Xi Jinping da China ter afirmado, em 2019, que a sua grande Iniciativa do Cintur\u00e3o e Rota deve ser verde e sustent\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n

O compromisso da China com o carv\u00e3o est\u00e1 em contraste flagrante com a meta declarada recentemente por Xi, de ser neutro em carbono at\u00e9 2060. Ao advogar que os pa\u00edses africanos invistam fortemente no carv\u00e3o fez com que a China fosse v\u00edtima de acusa\u00e7\u00f5es de hipocrisia.<\/p>\n

“J\u00e1 existe muito investimento chin\u00eas em carv\u00e3o na zona de Hwange, fora do parque, maior parte da qual est\u00e1 a poluir brutalmente,\u201d disse Stephen Long, da Bhejane Trust, ao The Guardian<\/em>. “A qualidade do ar em partes de Hwange deve ser t\u00e3o p\u00e9ssima quanto em maior parte das grandes cidades, provavelmente pior, e \u00e9 dif\u00edcil n\u00e3o sentir que os chineses j\u00e1 polu\u00edram o seu pr\u00f3prio pa\u00eds e agora est\u00e3o a exportar a sua polui\u00e7\u00e3o para pa\u00edses pobres como o nosso. \u00c9 pouco prov\u00e1vel que os zimbabweanos vejam algum benef\u00edcio nas minas.”<\/p>\n

Long disse que o investimento em carv\u00e3o \u00e9 de curta dura\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

“Quando o resto do mundo est\u00e1 a deixar o carv\u00e3o e a reconhecer a emerg\u00eancia clim\u00e1tica, porque \u00e9 que o Zimbabwe est\u00e1 a expandir o uso deste material e a planificar, de acordo com o presidente, [utiliz\u00e1-lo] com d\u00e9cadas de anteced\u00eancia?”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EQUIPA DA ADF Monitores da fauna bravia que observavam rinocerontes-negros em risco de extin\u00e7\u00e3o, no Zimbabwe, depararam-se recentemente com algo inesperado. No meio da paisagem virgem do Parque Nacional Hwange, um grupo de chineses fazia escava\u00e7\u00f5es, \u00e0 procura de carv\u00e3o. A organiza\u00e7\u00e3o zimbabweana de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o, sem fins lucrativos, Bhejane Trust, comunicou o incidente na sua<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18386,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[363],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-18390","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melhores-historias"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nZimbabwe Luta com o Custo do Carv\u00e3o - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2020\/10\/zimbabwe-luta-com-o-custo-do-carvao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zimbabwe Luta com o Custo do Carv\u00e3o - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EQUIPA DA ADF Monitores da fauna bravia que observavam rinocerontes-negros em risco de extin\u00e7\u00e3o, no Zimbabwe, depararam-se recentemente com algo inesperado. 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