{"id":135438,"date":"2026-03-17T13:59:49","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T17:59:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=135438"},"modified":"2026-03-17T14:00:15","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T18:00:15","slug":"grupos-terroristas-do-sahel-utilizam-refugios-nas-florestas-para-lancar-ataques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2026\/03\/grupos-terroristas-do-sahel-utilizam-refugios-nas-florestas-para-lancar-ataques\/","title":{"rendered":"Grupos Terroristas do Sahel Utilizam Ref\u00fagios nas Florestas para Lan\u00e7ar Ataques"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Os grupos terroristas do Sahel h\u00e1 muito que utilizam as florestas para se esconderem, abastecerem-se de recursos naturais e estabelecerem bases. Cada vez mais, estes grupos est\u00e3o a utilizar as florestas para recrutamento, financiamento, contrabando, log\u00edstica e organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de governa\u00e7\u00e3o paralela, de acordo com a Observer Research Foundation (ORF).<\/span><\/p>\n

Os analistas afirmam que a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o das florestas leva \u00e0 r\u00e1pida expans\u00e3o da viol\u00eancia terrorista em todo o Sahel e para novas \u00e1reas na \u00c1frica Ocidental por parte de grupos como o Jama\u2019at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), ligado \u00e0 al-Qaeda, o Estado Isl\u00e2mico na Prov\u00edncia do Sahel (ISSP) e o Boko Haram. Em Fevereiro, o grupo terrorista Jama\u2019atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda\u2019awati wal-Jihad (JAS), afiliado ao Boko Haram, matou quase 200 pessoas num ataque na cidade de Woro, no Estado de Kwara, na Nig\u00e9ria ocidental, uma regi\u00e3o densamente florestada. Woro fica logo a sul do Parque Nacional de Kainji, uma reserva florestal de 5.341 quil\u00f3metros que faz fronteira com o Estado do N\u00edger.<\/p>\n

\u201cO ataque reflecte a for\u00e7a crescente dos grupos jihadistas em torno do Parque Nacional de Kainji,\u201d escreveu Nnamdi Obasi, analista do International Crisis Group.<\/p>\n

A reserva de Kainji ficou conhecida como a nova Sambisa, em refer\u00eancia \u00e0 Floresta de Sambisa, no nordeste da Nig\u00e9ria. Durante anos, Sambisa tem sido uma base para diversos grupos armados e extremistas, incluindo os grupos Ansaru, Lakurawa e Mahmuda. O JNIM tamb\u00e9m anunciou recentemente que estava a operar na \u00e1rea onde as v\u00edtimas do sequestro de alunas em Chibok, em 2014, foram mantidas em cativeiro.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs florestas j\u00e1 n\u00e3o s\u00e3o meros esconderijos; s\u00e3o redutos deliberadamente seleccionados que permitem aos grupos armados resistir \u00e0 press\u00e3o militar enquanto se integram nos sistemas econ\u00f3micos e sociais locais,\u201d escreveram Samir Bhattacharya, investigador associado da ORF, e Shrestha Medhi, estagi\u00e1rio de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da funda\u00e7\u00e3o. \u201cPortanto, contrariamente \u00e0 opini\u00e3o popular, este fen\u00f3meno reflecte uma escolha estrat\u00e9gica e n\u00e3o uma explora\u00e7\u00e3o acidental de \u2018espa\u00e7os sem governo.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

Segundo Bhattacharya e Medhi, as florestas oferecem v\u00e1rias vantagens aos grupos terroristas. S\u00e3o guardadas por guardas-florestais com armamento leve que d\u00e3o prioridade \u00e0 conserva\u00e7\u00e3o em detrimento da contra-insurg\u00eancia. A vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o densa e as infra-estruturas prec\u00e1rias permitem-lhes realizar emboscadas mais rapidamente do que em ambientes urbanos. Os terroristas tamb\u00e9m podem inserir-se em economias il\u00edcitas e informais de longa data, tais como o contrabando de combust\u00edvel, a minera\u00e7\u00e3o artesanal de ouro, o apascentamento de gado e a ca\u00e7a furtiva.<\/p>\n

Grupos terroristas e gangues criminosas tamb\u00e9m utilizam frequentemente o complexo W-Arly-Pendjari (WAP), que se estende por Benin, Burquina Faso e N\u00edger. Os tr\u00eas pa\u00edses partilham o Parque W. Arly fica no Burquina Faso e Pendjari no Benin. Mais de 120 soldados foram mortos perto do \u201cponto triplo\u201d do complexo, uma vasta \u00e1rea onde os tr\u00eas pa\u00edses se encontram, entre 2021 e 2024.<\/p>\n

Em Janeiro de 2025, quase 30 soldados foram mortos perto do ponto triplo no norte do Benin. Quatro meses depois, o JNIM matou pelo menos 54 soldados beninenses num ataque no norte do Benin, perto das fronteiras com o Burquina Faso, o N\u00edger e a Nig\u00e9ria. Ap\u00f3s esse ataque, Wilfried L\u00e9andre Houngb\u00e9dji, porta-voz do governo do Benin, denunciou a falta de coopera\u00e7\u00e3o com os vizinhos do pa\u00eds na luta contra grupos extremistas.<\/p>\n

\u201cOs locais onde ocorreram estes ataques de 17 de Abril situam-se na fronteira, pelo que se pode compreender que, se do outro lado da fronteira existisse uma for\u00e7a como a nossa, estes ataques n\u00e3o ocorreriam desta forma ou nem sequer teriam lugar,\u201d Houngb\u00e9dji disse numa reportagem conjunta da Africanews e da The Associated Press.<\/p>\n

A viol\u00eancia tem assolado o complexo WAP h\u00e1 cerca de uma d\u00e9cada, segundo Papa Sow, investigador do Nordic Africa Institute.<\/p>\n

\u201cDevido \u00e0 invas\u00e3o constante de grupos armados n\u00e3o estatais, o conflito amea\u00e7a engolir a reserva,\u201d Sow escreveu no The Conversation. \u201cOs recursos florestais est\u00e3o a ser saqueados e as pessoas que vivem perto das \u00e1reas protegidas est\u00e3o a ser deslocadas.\u201d<\/p>\n

O ISSP e o JNIM t\u00eam utilizado o complexo WAP para recrutar combatentes e apoiantes de grupos com identidades lingu\u00edsticas e culturais diversas nas zonas fronteiri\u00e7as, incluindo Fulani, Gourmantche, Djerma and Bariba.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 medida que o JNIM consolidava a sua presen\u00e7a em torno do complexo e ao longo do Rio N\u00edger, o recrutamento alargou-se \u00e0s popula\u00e7\u00f5es que vivem em torno dos parques e ao longo dos rios N\u00edger e Mekrou, de acordo com H\u00e9ni Nsaibia, analista do Projecto de Localiza\u00e7\u00e3o de Conflitos Armados e Dados de Eventos. Ambos os grupos tamb\u00e9m cooptaram bandidos locais para expandir os seus efectivos.<\/p>\n

\u201cO controlo sobre as rotas de com\u00e9rcio il\u00edcito, sobretudo o contrabando de combust\u00edvel que liga o noroeste e o centro-norte da Nig\u00e9ria \u00e0s comunidades ribeirinhas do N\u00edger e do Benin, e outras \u00e1reas em torno do Complexo WAP, ligou os meios de subsist\u00eancia e as economias locais \u00e0 presen\u00e7a militante,\u201d escreveu Nsaibia.<\/p>\n

Outras florestas e reservas regionais utilizadas pelos terroristas incluem as do norte de Koulikoro e do oeste de Segou, no Mali, onde o JNIM controla vastas \u00e1reas; a regi\u00e3o de Dosso, no sudoeste do N\u00edger, onde o ISSP e o JNIM operam, particularmente perto das fronteiras com o Benin e a Nig\u00e9ria; e na fronteira sul do Burquina Faso com a Costa do Marfim, onde o JNIM controla opera\u00e7\u00f5es ilegais de minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Os grupos terroristas do Sahel h\u00e1 muito que utilizam as florestas para se esconderem, abastecerem-se de recursos naturais e estabelecerem bases. Cada vez mais, estes grupos est\u00e3o a utilizar as florestas para recrutamento, financiamento, contrabando, log\u00edstica e organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de governa\u00e7\u00e3o paralela, de acordo com a Observer Research Foundation (ORF). Os analistas afirmam que a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":135436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[363],"tags":[558,1207,501,1139],"class_list":{"0":"post-135438","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melhores-historias","8":"tag-africa-ocidental","9":"tag-estado-islamico","10":"tag-sahel-pt-pt","11":"tag-terrorism-pt-pt"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGrupos Terroristas do Sahel Utilizam Ref\u00fagios nas Florestas para Lan\u00e7ar Ataques - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/?p=135441\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Grupos Terroristas do Sahel Utilizam Ref\u00fagios nas Florestas para Lan\u00e7ar Ataques - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Os grupos terroristas do Sahel h\u00e1 muito que utilizam as florestas para se esconderem, abastecerem-se de recursos naturais e estabelecerem bases. 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