{"id":125763,"date":"2025-05-20T14:35:57","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T18:35:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=125763"},"modified":"2025-05-20T14:36:34","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T18:36:34","slug":"relatorio-armas-roubadas-das-forcas-armadas-alimentam-a-violencia-jihadista-no-sahel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2025\/05\/relatorio-armas-roubadas-das-forcas-armadas-alimentam-a-violencia-jihadista-no-sahel\/","title":{"rendered":"Relat\u00f3rio: Armas Roubadas das For\u00e7as Armadas Alimentam a Viol\u00eancia Jihadista no Sahel"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

O Boko Haram e a Prov\u00edncia do Estado Isl\u00e2mico na \u00c1frica Ocidental (ISWAP) usaram drones carregados com explosivos quando mataram 12 soldados camaronenses e feriram outros 10 num ataque em Mar\u00e7o a uma base militar na cidade de Wulgo, no nordeste da Nig\u00e9ria. Os soldados faziam parte da For\u00e7a-Tarefa Conjunta Multinacional que combate o terrorismo na regi\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

As cadeias de abastecimento para este tipo de armamento s\u00e3o limitadas no Sahel, mas os grupos terroristas ligados \u00e0 al-Qaeda e ao Estado Isl\u00e2mico, muitas vezes, utilizam armamento militar apreendido durante ataques a for\u00e7as armadas africanas para perpetrar mais viol\u00eancia.<\/p>\n

Isso \u00e9 o que afirma um novo relat\u00f3rio da Conflict Armament Research (CAR), que n\u00e3o encontrou evid\u00eancias de que grupos terroristas possam aceder a armas como espingardas de assalto, espingardas de combate, lan\u00e7a-granadas, metralhadoras, morteiros e lan\u00e7a-foguetes directamente de fora da regi\u00e3o central do Sahel. As Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas aprovaram v\u00e1rios mandatos que pro\u00edbem especificamente a venda ou o fornecimento de armas a pa\u00edses em conflito ou com hist\u00f3rico de viola\u00e7\u00f5es de direitos humanos.<\/p>\n

Ap\u00f3s o ataque a Wulgo, o ISWAP divulgou fotos de drones, balas e metralhadoras apreendidos no ataque.<\/p>\n

A an\u00e1lise da CAR das armas apreendidas de grupos terroristas do Sahel entre 2014 e 2023 revelou que pelo menos 20% delas foram desviadas dos ex\u00e9rcitos nacionais de Burquina Faso, Chade, Costa do Marfim, Lib\u00e9ria, L\u00edbia, Mali, N\u00edger e Nig\u00e9ria.<\/p>\n

\u201cEstas armas permitem aos grupos jihadistas salafistas construir os seus arsenais e refor\u00e7ar as suas posi\u00e7\u00f5es, permitindo-lhes assim expandir a sua autoridade sobre grandes por\u00e7\u00f5es de territ\u00f3rio e aumentando a amea\u00e7a \u00e0 autoridade do Estado e \u00e0s comunidades locais,\u201d afirma o relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n

De acordo com a CAR, os arsenais dos grupos terroristas que operam na regi\u00e3o da tr\u00edplice fronteira de Liptako-Gourma, partilhada pelo Burquina Faso, Mali e N\u00edger ocidental, e os da regi\u00e3o do Lago Chade s\u00e3o semelhantes. As espingardas de assalto representaram 78% das armas recuperadas na regi\u00e3o de Liptako-Gourma e 85% em torno do Lago Chade. A maior parte das muni\u00e7\u00f5es recuperadas dos grupos era de calibre militar.<\/p>\n

Matthew Steadman, co-autor do relat\u00f3rio da CAR, disse \u00e0 Agence France-Presse que a aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o de material de calibre militar por grupos terroristas do Sahel criou um \u201cc\u00edrculo vicioso.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c0 medida que se tornam mais poderosos, \u00e0 medida que apreendem mais armas, \u00e0 medida que atacam mais postos avan\u00e7ados, a sua capacidade de continuar a faz\u00ea-lo aumenta exponencialmente,\u201d afirmou Steadman.<\/p>\n

Outra fonte importante de armas para estes grupos foram as armas de fogo que sobraram de conflitos anteriores, segundo o relat\u00f3rio. Os grupos terroristas nas \u00e1reas fronteiri\u00e7as de Liptako-Gourma e do Lago Chade geralmente utilizam espingardas de assalto com d\u00e9cadas de idade, em particular as fabricadas nas d\u00e9cadas de 1960 e 1970. Muitas vezes, adquirem as chamadas \u201carmas antigas\u201d atrav\u00e9s do acesso a mercados il\u00edcitos de armas.<\/p>\n

\u201cArmas que datam de d\u00e9cadas ainda est\u00e3o em servi\u00e7o em v\u00e1rias for\u00e7as de seguran\u00e7a da regi\u00e3o, o que significa que alguns itens mais antigos podem ter sido desviados da cust\u00f3dia do Estado h\u00e1 relativamente pouco tempo,\u201d afirma o relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n

Os grupos terroristas do Sahel normalmente mant\u00eam um controlo rigoroso sobre as armas que apreendem e n\u00e3o as redistribuem rotineiramente. No entanto, investiga\u00e7\u00f5es em curso da CAR sugerem que grupos na \u00e1rea de Liptako-Gourma ocasionalmente vendem armas capturadas para obter receitas, principalmente na forma de ouro. Esses fundos ajudam-nos a pagar militantes ou a adquirir suprimentos e equipamentos.<\/p>\n

\u201cA par da procura local em expans\u00e3o por armas pequenas e ligeiras, bem como de uma ind\u00fastria artesanal de minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro em crescimento, esta pr\u00e1tica pode levar a um aumento da circula\u00e7\u00e3o il\u00edcita de armas desviadas do governo para al\u00e9m dos c\u00edrculos jihadistas salafistas,\u201d afirma o relat\u00f3rio, acrescentando que s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rias mais investiga\u00e7\u00f5es para compreender melhor a quest\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

A CAR encontrou poucas evid\u00eancias de que grupos jihadistas salafistas ideologicamente alinhados que operam em diferentes regi\u00f5es \u2014 como a Prov\u00edncia do Sahel do Estado Isl\u00e2mico (ISSP) e o ISWAP \u2014 partilhem armas entre si. Em alguns casos, grupos terroristas que lutam entre si \u2014 como Jama\u2019at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin, ou JNIM, e o ISSP na \u00e1rea de Liptako-Gourma \u2014 utilizam armas da mesma s\u00e9rie, indicando que dependem de esfor\u00e7os de aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o semelhantes.<\/p>\n

As armas produzidas e exportadas para a regi\u00e3o ap\u00f3s a queda do regime l\u00edbio de Muammar Kadhafi em 2011 representaram apenas 7% das armas apreendidas, de acordo com a CAR.<\/p>\n

\u201cAl\u00e9m disso, a CAR n\u00e3o encontrou qualquer evid\u00eancia de que os grupos jihadistas salafistas no centro do Sahel estejam a depender sistematicamente de fontes de abastecimento de longo alcance, incluindo da L\u00edbia,\u201d afirma o relat\u00f3rio. \u201cEm vez disso, as armas em posse dos jihadistas salafistas que tiveram origem nos stocks [da era Kadhafi] foram provavelmente adquiridas nos mercados locais.\u201d<\/p>\n

No entanto, o relat\u00f3rio revelou que mais de metade das muni\u00e7\u00f5es de pequeno calibre apreendidas aos jihadistas do Sahel foram fabricadas na d\u00e9cada anterior \u00e0 sua recupera\u00e7\u00e3o. Grande parte destas muni\u00e7\u00f5es foi fornecida \u00e0s for\u00e7as armadas do Sahel central e redireccionada a partir de l\u00e1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O Boko Haram e a Prov\u00edncia do Estado Isl\u00e2mico na \u00c1frica Ocidental (ISWAP) usaram drones carregados com explosivos quando mataram 12 soldados camaronenses e feriram outros 10 num ataque em Mar\u00e7o a uma base militar na cidade de Wulgo, no nordeste da Nig\u00e9ria. Os soldados faziam parte da For\u00e7a-Tarefa Conjunta Multinacional que combate o terrorismo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":125761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[363],"tags":[1208,1207,1255,501,1070],"class_list":{"0":"post-125763","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melhores-historias","8":"tag-boko-haram-pt-pt","9":"tag-estado-islamico","10":"tag-iswap-pt-pt","11":"tag-sahel-pt-pt","12":"tag-trafico-de-armas-pt-pt"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRelat\u00f3rio: Armas Roubadas das For\u00e7as Armadas Alimentam a Viol\u00eancia Jihadista no Sahel - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/?p=125766\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Relat\u00f3rio: Armas Roubadas das For\u00e7as Armadas Alimentam a Viol\u00eancia Jihadista no Sahel - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O Boko Haram e a Prov\u00edncia do Estado Isl\u00e2mico na \u00c1frica Ocidental (ISWAP) usaram drones carregados com explosivos quando mataram 12 soldados camaronenses e feriram outros 10 num ataque em Mar\u00e7o a uma base militar na cidade de Wulgo, no nordeste da Nig\u00e9ria. 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