{"id":121962,"date":"2025-01-07T15:27:19","date_gmt":"2025-01-07T20:27:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=121962"},"modified":"2025-01-07T15:27:41","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T20:27:41","slug":"missoes-africanas-de-manutencao-da-paz-enviadas-para-onde-nao-ha-paz-nenhuma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2025\/01\/missoes-africanas-de-manutencao-da-paz-enviadas-para-onde-nao-ha-paz-nenhuma\/","title":{"rendered":"Miss\u00f5es Africanas de Manuten\u00e7\u00e3o da Paz Enviadas para Onde \u2018N\u00e3o H\u00e1 Paz Nenhuma\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

EQUIPA DA ADF<\/span><\/p>\n

O Ministro dos Neg\u00f3cios Estrangeiros do Egipto, Badr Abdelatty, anunciou no final de Dezembro de 2024 que o Egipto contribuir\u00e1 com tropas para a nova Miss\u00e3o de Apoio e Estabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da Uni\u00e3o Africana na Som\u00e1lia (AUSSOM).<\/p>\n

A miss\u00e3o substitui a Miss\u00e3o de Transi\u00e7\u00e3o da Uni\u00e3o Africana na Som\u00e1lia (ATMIS), que terminou a 31 de Dezembro. A AUSSOM \u00e9 a 10\u00aa opera\u00e7\u00e3o de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o da paz liderada pela UA no continente, numa altura em que os governos africanos e as organiza\u00e7\u00f5es regionais assumem cada vez mais responsabilidades de seguran\u00e7a outrora assumidas pelas Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas. A mais recente miss\u00e3o da ONU lan\u00e7ada no continente foi na Rep\u00fablica Centro-Africana em 2014.<\/p>\n

Tal como Obi Anyadike <\/a><\/span>escreveu na The New Humanitarian, as miss\u00f5es da ONU t\u00eam sido tradicionalmente destacadas com o consentimento de todas as partes para fazer cumprir os acordos de paz. Em contrapartida, as opera\u00e7\u00f5es da UA interv\u00eam de forma ofensiva em conflitos actuais que envolvem extremismo violento e banditismo.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n


\n\u201cA ONU interv\u00e9m onde h\u00e1 paz para manter, as OAP [opera\u00e7\u00f5es de apoio \u00e0 paz] lideradas por africanos interv\u00eam onde n\u00e3o h\u00e1 paz nenhuma,\u201d Andrew Tchie, investigador s\u00e9nior do Instituto Noruegu\u00eas de Assuntos Internacionais, disse a Anyadike. \u201cAs [OAP] demonstram uma resposta \u00e0 inseguran\u00e7a mais local e espec\u00edfica ao contexto, e o objectivo de recorrer a mais op\u00e7\u00f5es de auto-ajuda.\u201d<\/span><\/span>H\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m destacamentos de comunidades econ\u00f3micas regionais, como a Miss\u00e3o da Comunidade para o Desenvolvimento da \u00c1frica Austral (SADC) em Mo\u00e7ambique (SAMIM), e iniciativas ad hoc, como a For\u00e7a-Tarefa Conjunta Multinacional (MNJTF), que inclui tropas do Benin, dos Camar\u00f5es, do Chade, do N\u00edger e da Nig\u00e9ria, que trabalham para libertar a regi\u00e3o do Boko Haram.<\/p>\n

Desde 2000, 38 OAP lideradas por africanos operaram, de acordo com o Instituto Internacional de Estudos Estrat\u00e9gicos. A UA autorizou, mandatou ou lan\u00e7ou quatro novas opera\u00e7\u00f5es em 2022.<\/p>\n

As OAP da UA tamb\u00e9m combateram epidemias, como o surto de \u00c9bola na Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica do Congo. Apoiaram cessar-fogos ou acordos de paz no Burundi, no Mali e na Som\u00e1lia, e apoiaram elei\u00e7\u00f5es e processos de transi\u00e7\u00e3o no Burquina Faso, nas Comores, na L\u00edbia e na Guin\u00e9.<\/p>\n

No entanto, a mudan\u00e7a das opera\u00e7\u00f5es de paz da ONU para miss\u00f5es regionais militarizadas e coliga\u00e7\u00f5es ad hoc preocupa Eugene Chen, investigador do Centro de Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o Internacional da Universidade de Nova Iorque.<\/p>\n

\u201cEm particular, este regresso ao combate ao terrorismo, \u00e0 imposi\u00e7\u00e3o da paz e a outros tipos de opera\u00e7\u00f5es cin\u00e9ticas pode ser contraproducente na resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de conflitos,\u201d Chen disse \u00e0 The New Humanitarian. \u201cPode exacerbar as queixas e outros factores de risco sociopol\u00edticos e econ\u00f3micos para a viol\u00eancia.\u201d<\/p>\n

Os analistas est\u00e3o ansiosos por ver como se desenrola a nova miss\u00e3o da AUSSOM na Som\u00e1lia. Embora as miss\u00f5es anteriores se tenham debatido com m\u00faltiplos pap\u00e9is e expectativas, a AUSSOM ter\u00e1 um papel mais definido, de acordo com o Instituto de Estudos de Seguran\u00e7a (ISS).<\/p>\n

Tal como nas miss\u00f5es anteriores, a AUSSOM tem por miss\u00e3o ajudar o governo federal a refor\u00e7ar a sua legitimidade e a eliminar o grupo terrorista al-Shabaab. Ao contr\u00e1rio das miss\u00f5es anteriores, a AUSSOM tem um mandato expl\u00edcito para proteger os civis.<\/p>\n

Foram dados menos de tr\u00eas anos \u00e0 ATMIS para ajudar o Ex\u00e9rcito Nacional da Som\u00e1lia a derrotar o al-Shabaab. A AUSSOM tem cinco anos para concluir a sua miss\u00e3o. Prev\u00ea-se que a AUSSOM transfira gradualmente as responsabilidades de seguran\u00e7a para as for\u00e7as somalis e retire o seu pessoal at\u00e9 ao final de 2028.<\/p>\n

Como observou o ISS, a AUSSOM ser\u00e1 destacada num ambiente geopol\u00edtico alterado, no meio de tens\u00f5es entre a Som\u00e1lia e a Eti\u00f3pia sobre o memorando de entendimento de Adis Abeba, de Janeiro de 2024, com a Somalil\u00e2ndia sobre o acesso ao porto.<\/p>\n

\u201cEmbora a miss\u00e3o possa ajudar a renovar o apoio continental e internacional \u00e0 luta contra o terrorismo na Som\u00e1lia, ser\u00e1<\/p>\n

essencial <\/a><\/span>proteg\u00ea-la das tens\u00f5es regionais\u201d, afirmaram os investigadores do ISS.<\/span><\/div>\n

\n

Em meados de Novembro, o Ministro da Defesa da Som\u00e1lia, Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur, disse \u00e0 Voz da Am\u00e9rica (VOA) que a Eti\u00f3pia n\u00e3o faria parte do destacamento da AUSSOM. Em meados de Dezembro, no entanto, um alto funcion\u00e1rio do governo somali disse \u00e0 VOA que o governo somali estava \u201caberto\u201d para um potencial papel das tropas et\u00edopes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Esta posi\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o durou muito tempo.<\/p>\n

No dia 23 de Dezembro, a Som\u00e1lia acusou as tropas et\u00edopes de atacarem as suas for\u00e7as numa pista de aterragem na cidade fronteiri\u00e7a de Doolow, no Estado somali de Jubaland. Quatro dias depois, representantes somalis informaram o Conselho de Seguran\u00e7a da ONU que as tropas et\u00edopes n\u00e3o ser\u00e3o destacadas com a AUSSOM.<\/p>\n

O governo somali n\u00e3o divulgou a lista dos pa\u00edses que contribuem com tropas para a miss\u00e3o, mas h\u00e1 informa\u00e7\u00f5es que sugerem a participa\u00e7\u00e3o do Burundi, Djibouti, Qu\u00e9nia e Uganda, segundo o jornal et\u00edope The Reporter. Prev\u00ea-se que o Uganda envie mais de metade dos 11.000 militares.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EQUIPA DA ADF O Ministro dos Neg\u00f3cios Estrangeiros do Egipto, Badr Abdelatty, anunciou no final de Dezembro de 2024 que o Egipto contribuir\u00e1 com tropas para a nova Miss\u00e3o de Apoio e Estabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da Uni\u00e3o Africana na Som\u00e1lia (AUSSOM). A miss\u00e3o substitui a Miss\u00e3o de Transi\u00e7\u00e3o da Uni\u00e3o Africana na Som\u00e1lia (ATMIS), que terminou a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":121960,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[363],"tags":[745,1421,1432,629,1724,535,1139],"class_list":{"0":"post-121962","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melhores-historias","8":"tag-manutencao-de-paz","9":"tag-manutencao-de-paz-pt-pt","10":"tag-nacoes-unidas-pt-pt","11":"tag-nacoes-unidas","12":"tag-somalia-pt-pt-2","13":"tag-somalia-pt-pt","14":"tag-terrorism-pt-pt"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMiss\u00f5es Africanas de Manuten\u00e7\u00e3o da Paz Enviadas para Onde \u2018N\u00e3o H\u00e1 Paz Nenhuma\u2019 - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/?p=121965\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Miss\u00f5es Africanas de Manuten\u00e7\u00e3o da Paz Enviadas para Onde \u2018N\u00e3o H\u00e1 Paz Nenhuma\u2019 - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EQUIPA DA ADF O Ministro dos Neg\u00f3cios Estrangeiros do Egipto, Badr Abdelatty, anunciou no final de Dezembro de 2024 que o Egipto contribuir\u00e1 com tropas para a nova Miss\u00e3o de Apoio e Estabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da Uni\u00e3o Africana na Som\u00e1lia (AUSSOM). 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