{"id":117986,"date":"2024-09-25T10:19:52","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T14:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=117986"},"modified":"2024-09-25T10:19:52","modified_gmt":"2024-09-25T14:19:52","slug":"al-shabaab-continua-mortifero-18-anos-apos-o-seu-aparecimento","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2024\/09\/al-shabaab-continua-mortifero-18-anos-apos-o-seu-aparecimento\/","title":{"rendered":"Al-Shabaab Continua Mort\u00edfero 18 Anos Ap\u00f3s o Seu Aparecimento"},"content":{"rendered":"

EQUIPA DA ADF<\/p>\n

O al-Shabaab, o grupo terrorista que continua a lan\u00e7ar ataques mort\u00edferos contra civis somalis, soldados e for\u00e7as internacionais de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o da paz, completou 18 anos de exist\u00eancia.<\/p>\n

O longo per\u00edodo de vida do grupo \u00e9 significativo, uma vez que, segundo o Cons\u00f3rcio Nacional para o Estudo do Terrorismo e Respostas ao Terrorismo dos Estados Unidos, 25% a 74% dos grupos terroristas de todo o mundo n\u00e3o duram mais de um ano.<\/p>\n

No entanto, alguns grupos terroristas ligados \u00e0 al-Qaeda e ao Estado Isl\u00e2mico em \u00c1frica sobreviveram durante muitos anos e o al-Shabaab continua a prosperar apesar dos esfor\u00e7os do Ex\u00e9rcito Nacional da Som\u00e1lia, das for\u00e7as da Uni\u00e3o Africana e das mil\u00edcias dos cl\u00e3s locais.<\/p>\n

No dia 15 de Setembro, o grupo invadiu uma base militar em Badoa, matando duas pessoas durante v\u00e1rias horas de tiroteio. Fontes disseram \u00e0 ag\u00eancia noticiosa Garowe Online, da Som\u00e1lia, que v\u00e1rios soldados foram recentemente transferidos para refor\u00e7ar as for\u00e7as regionais numa disputa por um posto de controlo que envolvia mil\u00edcias locais. As for\u00e7as paramilitares tamb\u00e9m foram recentemente transferidas de Badoa.<\/p>\n

Os analistas identificaram v\u00e1rios factores que explicam a longevidade do grupo.<\/p>\n

Os esquemas de tributa\u00e7\u00e3o ilegal, contrabando e branqueamento de capitais do al-Shabaab permitem-lhe prosperar. As receitas destas actividades ajudam o grupo a recuperar depois de ter sofrido perdas substanciais no campo de batalha.<\/p>\n

\u201cPode faz\u00ea-lo porque os seus opositores n\u00e3o fazem o suficiente para proteger as \u00e1reas conquistadas ou as \u00e1reas controladas pelo governo,\u201d Stig Jarle Hansen<\/a>, professor de rela\u00e7\u00f5es internacionais na Universidade Norueguesa de Ci\u00eancias da Vida, escreveu no The Conversation. \u201cO al-Shabaab \u00e9 \u00a0capaz<\/a> de governar e controlar mesmo \u00e1reas que s\u00e3o militarmente controladas pelo Estado e pela miss\u00e3o da Uni\u00e3o Africana.\u201d<\/p>\n

De acordo com os analistas Mohamed Mubarak e Ashley Jackson, a rela\u00e7\u00e3o do grupo com os civis \u00e9 essencial para a sua sobreviv\u00eancia. Ganha favores junto dos residentes locais, explorando as tens\u00f5es pol\u00edticas, as queixas locais e a neglig\u00eancia do governo.<\/p>\n

\u201cUma vez que grande parte da rela\u00e7\u00e3o do al-Shabaab com os civis depende das circunst\u00e2ncias locais e da pol\u00edtica dos cl\u00e3s, as condi\u00e7\u00f5es de vida sob o controlo do al-Shabaab variam consequentemente de um lugar para o outro,\u201d Mubarak e Jackson escreveram para o Overseas Development Institute, um grupo de reflex\u00e3o independente. \u201cNo entanto, uma constante \u00e9 o facto de o al-Shabaab explorar e cooptar estrategicamente as estruturas de poder tradicionais, o que, por sua vez, lhe permite controlar a popula\u00e7\u00e3o.\u201d<\/p>\n

A rela\u00e7\u00e3o do grupo com os v\u00e1rios cl\u00e3s do pa\u00eds \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m fundamental para a sua capacidade de resist\u00eancia. O governo mobilizou os cl\u00e3s para combater o al-Shabaab, mas os conflitos entre os cl\u00e3s podem complicar este esfor\u00e7o. Por vezes, os conflitos entre os cl\u00e3s persuadem os residentes locais a alinhar com o al-Shabaab em busca de protec\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

\u201cA seguran\u00e7a rural, incluindo a media\u00e7\u00e3o entre os cl\u00e3s, n\u00e3o tem feito parte da abordagem para combater o al-Shabaab,\u201d escreveu Hansen.<\/p>\n

O Ex\u00e9rcito Nacional da Som\u00e1lia cresceu substancialmente nos \u00faltimos 15 anos, atingindo cerca de 19.000 efectivos. A forma\u00e7\u00e3o melhorou e as taxas de deser\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o muito mais baixas do que no passado. Mas o Ex\u00e9rcito ainda n\u00e3o tem capacidade para lan\u00e7ar ofensivas eficazes em v\u00e1rias regi\u00f5es simultaneamente, deixando lacunas de seguran\u00e7a que os terroristas podem explorar.<\/p>\n

\u201cEste facto levanta d\u00favidas quanto ao apoio militar que o ex\u00e9rcito somali pode prestar aos Estados federais, que est\u00e3o relutantes em enfrentar sozinhos o al-Shabaab,\u201d Hansen<\/a> escreveu.<\/p>\n

As for\u00e7as de seguran\u00e7a tentaram conquistar os \u201ccora\u00e7\u00f5es e as minas\u201d dos civis nas zonas sob o controlo do al-Shabaab, mas n\u00e3o conseguiram, segundo Hansen. As for\u00e7as de seguran\u00e7a somalis e internacionais n\u00e3o t\u00eam sido capazes de garantir uma seguran\u00e7a consistente em todo o pa\u00eds nem de apoiar a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de institui\u00e7\u00f5es democr\u00e1ticas.<\/p>\n

O al-Shabaab tem sido particularmente dif\u00edcil de desalojar nos seus basti\u00f5es de Lower e Middle Juba, e no Estado do Sudoeste. Nestas regi\u00f5es, o al-Shabaab descansa os seus combatentes, treina novos combatentes e coordena as opera\u00e7\u00f5es e os esfor\u00e7os de propaganda.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c9 imposs\u00edvel derrotar o grupo sem tomar estes territ\u00f3rios,\u201d escreveu Hansen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EQUIPA DA ADF O al-Shabaab, o grupo terrorista que continua a lan\u00e7ar ataques mort\u00edferos contra civis somalis, soldados e for\u00e7as internacionais de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o da paz, completou 18 anos de exist\u00eancia. O longo per\u00edodo de vida do grupo \u00e9 significativo, uma vez que, segundo o Cons\u00f3rcio Nacional para o Estudo do Terrorismo e Respostas ao Terrorismo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":117978,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[363],"tags":[1287,1018,1577,535,1724,1139],"class_list":{"0":"post-117986","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melhores-historias","8":"tag-al-shabaab-pt-pt","9":"tag-seguranca-nacional","10":"tag-seguranca-nacional-pt-pt","11":"tag-somalia-pt-pt","12":"tag-somalia-pt-pt-2","13":"tag-terrorism-pt-pt"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAl-Shabaab Continua Mort\u00edfero 18 Anos Ap\u00f3s o Seu Aparecimento - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2024\/09\/al-shabaab-continua-mortifero-18-anos-apos-o-seu-aparecimento\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Al-Shabaab Continua Mort\u00edfero 18 Anos Ap\u00f3s o Seu Aparecimento - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EQUIPA DA ADF O al-Shabaab, o grupo terrorista que continua a lan\u00e7ar ataques mort\u00edferos contra civis somalis, soldados e for\u00e7as internacionais de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o da paz, completou 18 anos de exist\u00eancia. 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