{"id":108209,"date":"2023-08-01T14:45:57","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T18:45:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=108209"},"modified":"2023-08-01T14:49:41","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T18:49:41","slug":"novo-relatorio-analisa-estrategia-de-raptos-da-al-qaeda-no-sahel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2023\/08\/novo-relatorio-analisa-estrategia-de-raptos-da-al-qaeda-no-sahel\/","title":{"rendered":"Novo Relat\u00f3rio Analisa Estrat\u00e9gia de Raptos da Al-Qaeda no Sahel"},"content":{"rendered":"
EQUIPA DA <\/span>ADF
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\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
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No in\u00edcio de 2023, homens armados raptaram pelo menos 66 mulheres, raparigas e beb\u00e9s que andavam \u00e0 procura de alimentos no norte do Burquina Faso, perto da fronteira com o Mali.<\/span><\/p>\n

As v\u00edtimas foram provavelmente obrigadas a procurar alimentos no mato devido \u00e0 escassez ligada a grupos terroristas que cortaram as rotas comerciais e as linhas de abastecimento. Rodolphe Sorgho, vice-governador da regi\u00e3o do Sahel, condenou o atentado, que faz parte de um n\u00famero crescente de raptos na regi\u00e3o do Sahel.<\/p>\n

\u201cQuando sa\u00edram \u00e0 procura de frutos silvestres, estas mulheres, m\u00e3es e filhas foram injustamente levadas por homens armados,\u201d declarou Sorgho num comunicado. \u201cAssim que o seu desaparecimento foi comunicado, foi feita [uma busca] para encontrar todas estas v\u00edtimas inocentes s\u00e3s e salvas.\u201d<\/p>\n

As v\u00edtimas foram libertadas uma semana depois, mas o ex\u00e9rcito burquinab\u00ea<\/em> n\u00e3o revelou pormenores sobre a sua liberta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

O ataque perto da fronteira com o Mali sublinhou uma tend\u00eancia de raptos entre os insurgentes ligados \u00e0 al-Qaeda, que utilizam esta t\u00e1ctica para diversos fins. A organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Jama’at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimi (JNIM), afiliada \u00e0 al-Qaeda, \u00e9 a principal respons\u00e1vel pelos raptos no Burquina Faso e em toda a regi\u00e3o do Sahel.<\/p>\n

De acordo com um relat\u00f3rio de 2023, de Flore Berger, analista da Iniciativa Global contra o Crime Organizado Transnacional (GI-TOC), \u201cos raptos tornaram-se, na sua maioria, um dos instrumentos do grupo para estabelecer e controlar territ\u00f3rios \u2014 atrav\u00e9s da intimida\u00e7\u00e3o, da verifica\u00e7\u00e3o, da puni\u00e7\u00e3o e do recrutamento \u2014 sendo o lucro atrav\u00e9s do resgate um factor secund\u00e1rio.\u201d<\/p>\n

A JNIM \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel por 845 dos 1.100 raptos perpetrados no Burquina Faso, no Mali e no N\u00edger entre 2017 e 2023, de acordo com um novo relat\u00f3rio do Projecto de Localiza\u00e7\u00e3o de Conflitos Armados e Dados de Eventos (ACLED). Grupos afiliados ao grupo Estado Isl\u00e2mico, ou EI, tamb\u00e9m cometem raptos na regi\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

O n\u00famero de v\u00edtimas \u00e9 provavelmente muito mais elevado, uma vez que \u00e9 dif\u00edcil obter dados exactos e porque um incidente pode envolver numerosas v\u00edtimas, como o rapto em massa no Burquina Faso. S\u00f3 nesse pa\u00eds, os raptos aumentaram 30 vezes desde 2017.<\/p>\n

\u201cIsso explica-se, em particular, pela reorganiza\u00e7\u00e3o e reestrutura\u00e7\u00e3o levadas a cabo pelos grupos jihadistas na sequ\u00eancia da Opera\u00e7\u00e3o Serval [opera\u00e7\u00e3o militar francesa no Mali, lan\u00e7ada em 2013], mas tamb\u00e9m pela expans\u00e3o da insurrei\u00e7\u00e3o jihadista que se seguiu,\u201d H\u00e9ni Nsaibia, investigador s\u00e9nior sobre o Sahel no ACLED, disse \u00e0 The Africa Report.<\/p>\n

\u201cOs recursos e o financiamento foram descentralizados, em resultado da evolu\u00e7\u00e3o das estruturas ligadas \u00e0 JNIM. Surgiram subgrupos mais auto-suficientes, o que encorajou mais raptos.\u201d<\/p>\n

De acordo com Guillaume Soto-Mayor, investigador associado sobre a \u00c1frica Subsaariana no Middle East Institute, a estrat\u00e9gia de rapto da JNIM \u00e9 \u201caltamente codificada\u201d e foi aperfei\u00e7oada ao longo de 40 anos.<\/p>\n

Os subgrupos que cometem raptos \u201cfazem-nos de acordo com os c\u00f3digos de comando da JNIM,\u201d disse Soto-Mayor \u00e0 The Africa Report. Soto-Mayor argumenta que apenas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es bem estabelecidas s\u00e3o capazes de manter ref\u00e9ns durante v\u00e1rios anos.<\/p>\n

As v\u00edtimas s\u00e3o normalmente mantidas em boas condi\u00e7\u00f5es para que organiza\u00e7\u00f5es como a JNIM possam cobrar avultados pagamentos de resgate. De acordo com Soto-Mayor, os funcion\u00e1rios n\u00e3o governamentais e os funcion\u00e1rios p\u00fablicos s\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m alvos comuns de raptos.<\/p>\n

No relat\u00f3rio da GI-TOC, Berger argumentou que a sociedade civil pode desempenhar um papel na elimina\u00e7\u00e3o da amea\u00e7a, continuando a denunciar casos de rapto no Burquina Faso, especialmente em zonas com seguran\u00e7a deteriorada, onde a amea\u00e7a de desinforma\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 a aumentar.<\/p>\n

No Burquina Faso, as for\u00e7as de seguran\u00e7a do Estado s\u00e3o refor\u00e7adas pelos Volunt\u00e1rios para a Defesa da P\u00e1tria (VDP). O governo afirmou ter recrutado 90.000 VDP, civis que passaram por duas semanas de treino militar.<\/p>\n

Berger escreveu que \u201c\u00e9 necess\u00e1ria uma estrutura mais consistente de controlo e supervis\u00e3o dos VDP, desde uma verifica\u00e7\u00e3o minuciosa nos processos de selec\u00e7\u00e3o at\u00e9 uma forma\u00e7\u00e3o mais aprofundada e um destacamento cuidadoso.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EQUIPA DA ADF \u00a0 No in\u00edcio de 2023, homens armados raptaram pelo menos 66 mulheres, raparigas e beb\u00e9s que andavam \u00e0 procura de alimentos no norte do Burquina Faso, perto da fronteira com o Mali. As v\u00edtimas foram provavelmente obrigadas a procurar alimentos no mato devido \u00e0 escassez ligada a grupos terroristas que cortaram as<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":108207,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[363],"tags":[1285],"class_list":{"0":"post-108209","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melhores-historias","8":"tag-al-qaeda-pt-pt"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNovo Relat\u00f3rio Analisa Estrat\u00e9gia de Raptos da Al-Qaeda no Sahel - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2023\/08\/novo-relatorio-analisa-estrategia-de-raptos-da-al-qaeda-no-sahel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Novo Relat\u00f3rio Analisa Estrat\u00e9gia de Raptos da Al-Qaeda no Sahel - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EQUIPA DA ADF \u00a0 No in\u00edcio de 2023, homens armados raptaram pelo menos 66 mulheres, raparigas e beb\u00e9s que andavam \u00e0 procura de alimentos no norte do Burquina Faso, perto da fronteira com o Mali. 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