{"id":104113,"date":"2023-03-22T10:57:40","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T14:57:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=104113"},"modified":"2023-03-27T09:25:02","modified_gmt":"2023-03-27T13:25:02","slug":"a-peregrinacao-de-mansa-musa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2023\/03\/a-peregrinacao-de-mansa-musa\/","title":{"rendered":"A Peregrina\u00e7\u00e3o De Mansa Musa"},"content":{"rendered":"

EQUIPA DA ADF<\/p>\n

O\u00a0<\/span>Hajj, a peregrina\u00e7\u00e3o anual isl\u00e2mica para Meca, na Ar\u00e1bia Saudita, remonta ao S\u00e9c. VII, o tempo do profeta Maom\u00e9. Mas os mu\u00e7ulmanos acreditam que a peregrina\u00e7\u00e3o remonta a milhares de anos antes, no tempo de Abra\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Todos os mu\u00e7ulmanos, de corpo saud\u00e1vel, devem fazer a viagem pelo menos uma vez durante o seu tempo de vida, desde que sejam financeiramente capazes e possam continuar a suprir para as suas fam\u00edlias durante a sua aus\u00eancia. Considera\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras n\u00e3o eram um problema para o governante do Imp\u00e9rio do Mali, Mansa Musa, em 1324, quando ele viajou para Meca de um modo fant\u00e1stico, trazendo consigo 60.000 s\u00fabditos e 12.000 escravos, 500 dos quais transportavam cerca de 3 kg de ouro cada.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A caravana tamb\u00e9m inclu\u00eda 80 a 100 camelos, cada um deles transportando 136 kg de ouro. O Mansa (imperador) oferecia ouro onde quer que fosse.<\/p>\n

A viagem de ida e volta cobriu mais de 6.000 quil\u00f3metros e durou cerca de dois anos.<\/p>\n

O povo Mandinka, da \u00c1frica Ocidental, fundou o Imp\u00e9rio do Mali, na \u00c1frica Ocidental, entre os rios N\u00edger e Senegal. O Imp\u00e9rio durou de 1235 a 1670. No seu apogeu, incluiu o que actualmente s\u00e3o partes de ou todo Burquina Faso, Chade, G\u00e2mbia, Guin\u00e9, Mali, Maurit\u00e2nia, N\u00edger, Nig\u00e9ria e Senegal. Cobria 24.000 quil\u00f3metros quadrados e foi um dos imp\u00e9rios mais extensos do mundo, conhecido pela fabulosa riqueza dos seus governantes.<\/p>\n

A dada altura, o Imp\u00e9rio do Mali teve uma popula\u00e7\u00e3o de 40 a 50 milh\u00f5es de habitantes.<\/p>\n

O primeiro governante do imp\u00e9rio foi Sundiata Keita, um pr\u00edncipe exilado conhecido como o \u201cle\u00e3o faminto.\u201d Ele fez de Niani a sua capital, no Rio Sankarani, um lugar rico em ouro e ferro. Isso deu-lhe uma vantagem militar \u2014 dinheiro e meios para fabricar armas \u2014 mas tamb\u00e9m teve sorte quando a regi\u00e3o experimentou muitos anos de tempo seco. Isso reduziu a presen\u00e7a de mosca ts\u00e9-ts\u00e9, que propaga doen\u00e7as mortais para cavalos e outros animais. Sem as moscas, criadores de cavalo, comerciantes e cavalaria espalharam-se pela regi\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Musa tornou-se governante do Imp\u00e9rio do Mali, em 1312, assumindo o trono depois do seu predecessor Abu-Bakr II desaparecer durante uma viagem para encontrar o limite do Oceano Atl\u00e2ntico.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Musa recorreu aos recursos naturais da regi\u00e3o, artes\u00e3os habilidosos, temperatura favor\u00e1vel e poderio militar para fazer com que o seu imp\u00e9rio fosse imensamente rico, talvez o lugar mais rico da face da terra na altura. Em contraste, as zonas do oeste sofriam com guerras civis e tempos econ\u00f3micos dif\u00edceis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A sua peregrina\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s do Egipto mudou a sua economia, n\u00e3o para o melhor. Em cada passo, Musa gastava luxuosamente e distribu\u00eda ouro. As suas ofertas depreciaram o valor do ouro no Egipto em cerca de 25%, causando abrandamento econ\u00f3mico.<\/p>\n

Durante a peregrina\u00e7\u00e3o, Musa adquiriu o territ\u00f3rio de Gao, dentro do Reino de Songhai, naquele que actualmente \u00e9 o Mali. Era de grande import\u00e2ncia para o rei. No seu regresso da sua peregrina\u00e7\u00e3o, desviou para o sul de Gao, onde eventualmente construiria mesquitas e edif\u00edcios p\u00fablicos.<\/p>\n

Musa tamb\u00e9m centrou as suas energias em Tombuctu, construindo-a para transform\u00e1-la num grande centro universit\u00e1rio isl\u00e2mico. Ele recrutou arquitectos e estudiosos de todo o mundo para Tombuctu, onde mandou construir a Mesquita Djinguereber. Em mais de 500 anos desde ent\u00e3o, a mesquita tem sido um dos marcos mais celebrados de \u00c1frica.<\/p>\n

Acredita-se que ele tenha morrido entre 1332 e 1337, mas est\u00f3rias de sua riqueza e sua marcante peregrina\u00e7\u00e3o permanecem vivas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cPense em tanto ouro quanto puder imaginar que um ser humano pudesse ter e duplique-o, era isso o que esta hist\u00f3ria procurava comunicar,\u201d Rudolph Ware, um historiador da \u00c1frica Ocidental, disse \u00e0 revista Times. \u201cEste \u00e9 o homem mais rico que algu\u00e9m algum dia j\u00e1 viu.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EQUIPA DA ADF O\u00a0Hajj, a peregrina\u00e7\u00e3o anual isl\u00e2mica para Meca, na Ar\u00e1bia Saudita, remonta ao S\u00e9c. VII, o tempo do profeta Maom\u00e9. Mas os mu\u00e7ulmanos acreditam que a peregrina\u00e7\u00e3o remonta a milhares de anos antes, no tempo de Abra\u00e3o. Todos os mu\u00e7ulmanos, de corpo saud\u00e1vel, devem fazer a viagem pelo menos uma vez durante o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":103905,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[335,344],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-104113","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-colunas","8":"category-retrospectiva"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA Peregrina\u00e7\u00e3o De Mansa Musa - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/pt-pt\/2023\/03\/a-peregrinacao-de-mansa-musa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Peregrina\u00e7\u00e3o De Mansa Musa - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EQUIPA DA ADF O\u00a0Hajj, a peregrina\u00e7\u00e3o anual isl\u00e2mica para Meca, na Ar\u00e1bia Saudita, remonta ao S\u00e9c. VII, o tempo do profeta Maom\u00e9. Mas os mu\u00e7ulmanos acreditam que a peregrina\u00e7\u00e3o remonta a milhares de anos antes, no tempo de Abra\u00e3o. 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