{"id":4016,"date":"2015-06-17T18:52:34","date_gmt":"2015-06-17T18:52:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=4016"},"modified":"2015-08-24T13:57:37","modified_gmt":"2015-08-24T13:57:37","slug":"point-de-vue-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2015\/06\/point-de-vue-6\/","title":{"rendered":"Point de Vue"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"s1\">L<\/span>es conflits entre \u00c9tats sont devenus relativement rares. Aujourd\u2019hui, les arm\u00e9es ne sont pas souvent appel\u00e9es \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre les fronti\u00e8res nationales contre l\u2019invasion de l\u2019ennemi. Les menaces du 21e si\u00e8cle, en Afrique et partout dans le monde, \u00e9manent principalement de groupes extr\u00e9mistes, de rebelles, de mouvements s\u00e9paratistes et d\u2019autres groupes de combattants.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Ces groupes savent qu\u2019ils ne peuvent pas combattre une arm\u00e9e nationale \u00e0 armes \u00e9gales. Ils savent aussi que la majorit\u00e9 de la population civile n\u2019est pas de leur c\u00f4t\u00e9. Alors, au lieu de mener une guerre classique, ils cherchent \u00e0 obtenir un avantage asym\u00e9trique. Il se produit une guerre asym\u00e9trique lorsqu\u2019une force de combat plus faible adopte des tactiques non conventionnelles pour infliger des pertes \u00e0 une force plus importante et mieux \u00e9quip\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">L\u2019un des instruments rencontr\u00e9s le plus souvent dans ce genre de conflits est l\u2019engin explosif improvis\u00e9 (EEI), qui est largement utilis\u00e9 en Afrique et y fait d\u2019importants d\u00e9g\u00e2ts. En 2014, il y a eu 835 attentats aux EEI sur le continent, faisant 2.559 victimes. Pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de ces attentats se sont produits en Somalie o\u00f9 les artificiers d\u2019al-Shebab atteignent de nouveaux sommets de barbarie en fabriquant des bombes artisanales et des ceintures explosives pour mutiler et tuer un grand nombre de gens.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Pour vaincre un ennemi non conventionnel, il faut penser de mani\u00e8re non conventionnelle. C\u2019est pourquoi les arm\u00e9es africaines entra\u00eenent des unit\u00e9s sp\u00e9ciales et investissent dans de nouveaux \u00e9quipements pour lutter contre ces nouvelles menaces. En plus des comp\u00e9tences et des technologies n\u00e9cessaires, il faut aussi \u00eatre conscient de la situation pour pouvoir anticiper les tactiques susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre utilis\u00e9es par les forces adverses.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">L\u2019\u00e9tat-major unifi\u00e9 des \u00c9tats-Unis pour l\u2019Afrique est pr\u00eat \u00e0 apporter son soutien. En 2014, nous avons organis\u00e9 des cours pour les Forces arm\u00e9es du Burundi et la Force de d\u00e9fense du peuple ougandais sur la lutte contre les EEI. Ces cours comprenaient la formation des soldats \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer dans les environnements urbains, \u00e0 identifier les caches \u00e9ventuelles d\u2019EEI et \u00e0 d\u00e9samorcer la menace. En janvier 2015, L\u2019\u00e9tat-major unifi\u00e9 des \u00c9tats-Unis pour l\u2019Afrique a fait don, \u00e0 ces deux pays, de 20 v\u00e9hicules renforc\u00e9s contre les mines et les embuscades pour la Mission de l\u2019Union africaine en Somalie.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Il reste encore beaucoup \u00e0 faire, mais en exploitant les nouvelles technologies et les enseignements tir\u00e9s des exp\u00e9riences pass\u00e9es, les menaces asym\u00e9triques peuvent \u00eatre vaincues.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">&#8212;Personnel de l\u2019\u00e9tat-major unifi\u00e9 des Etats-Unis pour l\u2019Afrique<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les conflits entre \u00c9tats sont devenus relativement rares. Aujourd\u2019hui, les arm\u00e9es ne sont pas souvent appel\u00e9es \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre les fronti\u00e8res nationales contre l\u2019invasion de l\u2019ennemi. Les menaces du 21e si\u00e8cle, en Afrique et partout dans le monde, \u00e9manent principalement de groupes extr\u00e9mistes, de rebelles, de mouvements s\u00e9paratistes et d\u2019autres groupes de combattants. Ces groupes savent<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3749,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61,40],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4016","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-point-de-vue","8":"category-rubriques"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Point de Vue - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/2015\/07\/viewpoint-6\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Point de Vue - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les conflits entre \u00c9tats sont devenus relativement rares. 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