{"id":30951,"date":"2022-03-08T12:55:46","date_gmt":"2022-03-08T17:55:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=30951"},"modified":"2022-03-08T12:56:38","modified_gmt":"2022-03-08T17:56:38","slug":"les-usines-de-poisson-provoquent-linsecurite-alimentaire-en-afrique-de-louest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2022\/03\/les-usines-de-poisson-provoquent-linsecurite-alimentaire-en-afrique-de-louest\/","title":{"rendered":"Les usines de poisson provoquent l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>La surexploitation g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e \u00e0 cause de la demande g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par l\u2019industrie mondiale de la farine de poisson et de l\u2019huile de poisson conduit \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les p\u00eacheurs artisanaux de la r\u00e9gion ont d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 avec col\u00e8re la pr\u00e9sence des usines d\u2019huile de poisson et de farine de poisson, qu\u2019ils accusent de d\u00e9cimer les stocks de poissons, nuire aux \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et r\u00e9duire les revenus d\u00e9riv\u00e9s du tourisme. Ces usines, appartenant principalement aux Chinois et g\u00e9r\u00e9es par ceux-ci, pressent les sardinelles, les ethmaloses et autres esp\u00e8ces pour obtenir de l\u2019huile et les meulent pour produire de la poudre export\u00e9e dans le monde entier comme aliment pour le \u00a0b\u00e9tail et les poissons d\u2019\u00e9levage.<\/span><\/p>\n

Certains poissons et crevettes d\u2019\u00e9levage reviennent ensuite en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest sous forme de produits co\u00fbteux d\u2019importation. La diminution des stocks de poissons a aussi fait monter en fl\u00e8che le prix du poisson local.<\/p>\n

Un grand nombre de ces usines sont approvisionn\u00e9es par des chalutiers industriels \u00e9trangers, principalement chinois. Ce pays poss\u00e8de la flotte de p\u00eache en eaux distantes la plus vaste du monde\u00a0; il a aussi les pires ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents mondiaux de p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale, non d\u00e9clar\u00e9e et non r\u00e9glement\u00e9e (INN), selon l\u2019indice de p\u00eache INN.<\/p>\n

Depuis des ann\u00e9es, les parties prenantes des p\u00eaches d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest expriment leur insatisfaction face \u00e0 la gestion de la p\u00eache INN par leur gouvernement et la prolif\u00e9ration des usines alimentaires bas\u00e9es sur le poisson. <\/span>En mars 2021, des Gambiens manifestant contre les usines ont incendi\u00e9 un poste de police \u00e0 Sanyang et mis le feu \u00e0 l\u2019usine de farine de poisson de la Nessim Fishing and Fish Processing Co., qui appartient aux Chinois.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aliou Ba, activiste principal des oc\u00e9ans chez Greenpeace Africa, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 au Guardian\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les gouvernements d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 un mod\u00e8le \u00e9conomique qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie aux riches dans les \u00e9conomies en d\u00e9veloppement, plut\u00f4t qu\u2019\u00e0 notre peuple. Les \u00e9tats d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest devraient \u00e9liminer ces industries destructrices et assumer leurs responsabilit\u00e9s pour pr\u00e9server la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, l\u2019emploi et le bien-\u00eatre des populations.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

On projetait qu\u2019en 2021, 23,6 millions d\u2019habitants d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest affrontaient une ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire critique. Ceci est une hausse de 40\u00a0% compar\u00e9 aux chiffres record de 2020, selon le Centre africain pour les \u00e9tudes strat\u00e9giques (ACSS).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bien que l\u2019ACSS note que le Covid-19, les conflits et l\u2019incomp\u00e9tente politique ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la crise alimentaire, les stocks de poissons de la r\u00e9gion subissent une baisse rapide depuis des dizaines d\u2019ann\u00e9es, en intensifiant le ch\u00f4mage et la famine dans les communaut\u00e9s de p\u00eache qui comptent depuis longtemps sur l\u2019oc\u00e9an comme source de nourriture et de revenu.<\/span><\/p>\n

En Gambie, le pourcentage de gens consid\u00e9r\u00e9s vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire est pass\u00e9 de 5 \u00e0 8\u00a0% au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, en partie \u00e0 cause des fluctuations dans la p\u00eache des ethmaloses qui sont cibl\u00e9es par les usines d\u2019aliments pour animaux \u00e0 base de poisson, selon un rapport de l\u2019Organisation des Nations unies pour l\u2019alimentation et l\u2019agriculture (ONUAA). <\/span>200.000 Gambiens environ comptent sur la p\u00eache et les activit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es pour leurs revenus.<\/span><\/p>\n

Beaucoup de zones autour des usines deviennent si contamin\u00e9es que le tourisme dispara\u00eet.<\/span><\/p>\n

Au Ghana, la premi\u00e8re usine d\u2019aliments pour animaux bas\u00e9s sur le poisson a ouvert ses portes en 2011. Depuis lors, au moins trois autres usines s\u2019y sont implant\u00e9es, selon le rapport de l\u2019ONUAA. Les effets sur les stocks de poissons sont s\u00e9v\u00e8res. Entre 2012 et 2017, la prise totale annuelle des petites esp\u00e8ces p\u00e9lagiques a chut\u00e9 de 134.000 \u00e0 119.000 tonnes.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019une de ces esp\u00e8ces appel\u00e9e sardinella aurita a enti\u00e8rement disparu.\u00a0Au cours des quinze derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es environ, les revenus annuels moyens par pirogue artisanale ont baiss\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 40\u00a0%, selon l\u2019Environmental Justice Foundation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Entre 2011 et 2018, sept nouvelles usines d\u2019aliments pour animaux bas\u00e9s sur le poisson ont ouvert leurs portes au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. L\u2019ONUAA signale que deux autres usines sont en cours de construction.<\/span><\/p>\n

Comme dans d\u2019autres lieux de la r\u00e9gion, ces usines r\u00e9duisent consid\u00e9rablement l\u2019approvisionnement dans les poissons qui sont historiquement p\u00each\u00e9s, vendus et consomm\u00e9s par les p\u00eacheurs artisanaux et leurs communaut\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Le rapport de l\u2019ONUAA d\u00e9clare\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Une approche holistique est requise pour \u00e9valuer les opportunit\u00e9s d\u2019am\u00e9liorer, d\u2019optimiser ou de r\u00e9duire l\u2019emploi de la farine de poisson et de l\u2019huile de poisson pour produire [des aliments pour animaux \u00e0 base de poisson]. La complexit\u00e9 de la situation doit \u00eatre bien comprise globalement, en particulier dans les r\u00e9gions sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es, et des solutions localement appropri\u00e9es devront \u00eatre \u00e9labor\u00e9es en association avec les parties prenantes pertinentes.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF La surexploitation g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e \u00e0 cause de la demande g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par l\u2019industrie mondiale de la farine de poisson et de l\u2019huile de poisson conduit \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest. Les p\u00eacheurs artisanaux de la r\u00e9gion ont d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 avec col\u00e8re la pr\u00e9sence des usines d\u2019huile de poisson et de farine de poisson, qu\u2019ils<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30942,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[553,666,433,551,604,413],"class_list":{"0":"post-30951","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles","8":"tag-chine","9":"tag-gambie","10":"tag-ghana-fr","11":"tag-peche-illegale","12":"tag-securite-alimentaire","13":"tag-senegal-fr"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes usines de poisson provoquent l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2022\/03\/les-usines-de-poisson-provoquent-linsecurite-alimentaire-en-afrique-de-louest\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les usines de poisson provoquent l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF La surexploitation g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e \u00e0 cause de la demande g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par l\u2019industrie mondiale de la farine de poisson et de l\u2019huile de poisson conduit \u00e0 l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest. 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