{"id":28610,"date":"2021-11-17T14:46:45","date_gmt":"2021-11-17T19:46:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=28610"},"modified":"2021-11-17T14:48:07","modified_gmt":"2021-11-17T19:48:07","slug":"a-quoi-ressemble-lavenir-de-lamisom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/11\/a-quoi-ressemble-lavenir-de-lamisom\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c0 quoi ressemble l\u2019avenir de l\u2019AMISOM ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/p>\n

\u00c0 peu pr\u00e8s au moment o\u00f9 la Somalie a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre tourment\u00e9e par une insurrection extr\u00e9miste islamiste, l\u2019Union africaine y a \u00e9tabli une mission r\u00e9gionale de maintien de la paix.<\/p>\n

La mission de l\u2019Union africaine en Somalie (AMISOM) cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2007 est charg\u00e9e de soutenir le nouveau gouvernement, mettre en \u0153uvre une strat\u00e9gie nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et former les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 somaliennes jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019elles puissent d\u00e9fendre le pays.<\/p>\n

Quatorze ans plus tard, le groupe terroriste al-Shebab reste capable de lancer des attaques et se trouve fermement enracin\u00e9 dans certaines r\u00e9gions du pays. Il est pr\u00e9vu que le mandat de l\u2019AMISOM accord\u00e9 par le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations unies expire \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e et il existe un manque complet de consensus sur le r\u00f4le ult\u00e9rieur de la force de maintien de la paix.<\/p>\n

L\u2019AMISOM, qui comporte pr\u00e8s de 20.000 soldats et pr\u00e8s de 1.000 policiers, a une t\u00e2che diverse et difficile pour stabiliser la Somalie.<\/p>\n

La force a eu des difficult\u00e9s pour \u00e9quilibrer la conduite des op\u00e9rations anti-insurrectionnelles et le d\u00e9veloppement des capacit\u00e9s des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 somaliennes, selon Paul D. Williams, directeur associ\u00e9 des \u00e9tudes de politique de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole des affaires internationales Elliott de l\u2019universit\u00e9 George Washington.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Des soldats \u00e9thiopiens de l\u2019AMISOM participent \u00e0 une formation de pr\u00e9paration aux combats le 30 juillet 2021. AMISOM<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Il y a des limites \u00e0 ce que l\u2019on peut faire pour r\u00e9aliser des objectifs politiques ou autres avec un instrument militaire tr\u00e8s peu efficace, comme c\u2019est essentiellement le cas avec l\u2019AMISOM\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9 lors d\u2019un panel de discussion appel\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019avenir de l\u2019AMISOM\u00a0\u00bb organis\u00e9 par le Centre pour les \u00e9tudes strat\u00e9giques et internationales. \u00ab\u00a0On peut le reconfigurer mais seulement dans certaines limites, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 la composition de la force.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Le financement est un autre probl\u00e8me majeur car l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne a r\u00e9duit son soutien de 20\u00a0% en 2016 et de 10\u00a0% par an depuis lors.<\/p>\n

L\u2019UA a effectu\u00e9 une \u00e9valuation ind\u00e9pendante de l\u2019avenir de la mission en mai dernier et a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 quatre options en octobre\u00a0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Remplacer l\u2019AMISOM par une mission de maintien de la paix ONU\/UA hybride similaire \u00e0 l\u2019op\u00e9ration ONU\/UA hybride qui a pris fin au Darfour (MINUAD). Ceci assurerait un financement et un soutien logistique de l\u2019ONU.<\/li>\n
  • La remplacer par la Force est-africaine en attente, qui est similaire aux autres forces r\u00e9gionales du continent.<\/li>\n
  • Reconfigurer la force dirig\u00e9e par l\u2019UA en structure de soutien multidimensionnelle (non militaire) pour les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 somaliennes.<\/li>\n
  • Mettre fin \u00e0 la mission et transf\u00e9rer ses responsabilit\u00e9s aux forces somaliennes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    La Somalie a rejet\u00e9 le rapport en d\u00e9clarant qu\u2019il n\u2019offre pas de r\u00f4le central pour le gouvernement actuel ni de plan pour d\u00e9velopper son arm\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

    \u00c0 l\u2019approche de 2022, les discussions continuent sans indication d\u2019un accord \u00e0 l\u2019horizon.<\/p>\n

    Meressa K. Dessu, chercheur principal et coordinateur de la formation \u00e0 l\u2019Institute for Security Studies (Institut pour les \u00e9tudes sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9), a \u00e9crit en octobre\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Bien que l\u2019UA pr\u00e9f\u00e8re une mission hybride, l\u2019ONU souhaite une reconfiguration de l\u2019AMISOM. Toutefois, aucune des deux options n\u2019est soutenue par l\u2019administration somalienne, qui veut que le soutien de l\u2019UA soit limit\u00e9 \u00e0 une assistance militaire pour combattre al-Shebab.<\/p>\n

    \u00ab\u00a0Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral pr\u00e9f\u00e8re un transfert progressif des responsabilit\u00e9s de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 aux forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 somaliennes, avec une prise en charge compl\u00e8te en 2023.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

    Toute transition vers l\u2019autosuffisance prendra du temps.<\/p>\n

    Sa\u00efd Samantar, directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 au journal The East African que le transfert par l\u2019AMISOM \u00ab\u00a0sera effectu\u00e9 graduellement en tenant compte du niveau de pr\u00e9paration des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 somaliennes. \u2026 Nous \u00e9changerons peu \u00e0 peu nos r\u00f4les avec nos fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs africains qui nous aident depuis plus de dix ans.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

    Les militants d\u2019al-Shebab li\u00e9s \u00e0 al-Qa\u00efda continuent \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler de vastes r\u00e9gions rurales et lancent fr\u00e9quemment des attaques meurtri\u00e8res contre des cibles militaires et civiles.<\/p>\n

    La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une pr\u00e9sence continue pour l\u2019AMISOM a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 soulign\u00e9e cette ann\u00e9e lorsqu\u2019une dispute entre le pr\u00e9sident somalien Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed et le Premier ministre Mohamed Hussein Roble a conduit \u00e0 une effusion de sang et \u00e0 plusieurs reports des \u00e9lections.<\/p>\n

    Cet affrontement s\u2019est produit apr\u00e8s la fin suppos\u00e9e du mandat de quatre ans du pr\u00e9sident en f\u00e9vrier. En avril, il a essay\u00e9 de prolonger son mandat de deux ans, ce qui a incit\u00e9 les soldats loyaux \u00e0 chacun de saisir et de fortifier des sections de la capitale de Mogadiscio.<\/p>\n

    Al-Shebab, profitant du chaos, a attaqu\u00e9 \u00e0 la bombe un autobus de voyageurs \u00e0 Mogadiscio, en tuant au moins quinze civils, selon le gouvernement.<\/p>\n

    La confrontation a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9solue apr\u00e8s plusieurs jours d\u2019affrontements et de manifestations, lorsque le pr\u00e9sident, sous la pression des alli\u00e9s internationaux, a charg\u00e9 le Premier ministre d\u2019organiser les \u00e9lections tardives.<\/p>\n

    Avec plus d\u2019un an de retard, les \u00e9lections parlementaires ont commenc\u00e9 au d\u00e9but novembre et on anticipe qu\u2019elles aboutiront \u00e0 un vote pr\u00e9sidentiel \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

    \u00ab\u00a0Le temps presse et les \u00e9lections somaliennes attendues depuis longtemps restent douteuses, \u00e9crit M. Dessu. L\u2019UA, l\u2019ONU et les partenaires internationaux doivent absolument donner priorit\u00e9 au vote.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

    \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019AMISOM devrait maintenir sa structure existante et ses effectifs avec un mandat focalis\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que les \u00e9lections aient lieu et que l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 politique soit r\u00e9solue.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF \u00c0 peu pr\u00e8s au moment o\u00f9 la Somalie a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre tourment\u00e9e par une insurrection extr\u00e9miste islamiste, l\u2019Union africaine y a \u00e9tabli une mission r\u00e9gionale de maintien de la paix. La mission de l\u2019Union africaine en Somalie (AMISOM) cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2007 est charg\u00e9e de soutenir le nouveau gouvernement, mettre en \u0153uvre une<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28597,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[463,739,633,538,510],"class_list":{"0":"post-28610","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles","8":"tag-afrique-de-lest","9":"tag-maintien-de-la-paix","10":"tag-nations-unies","11":"tag-somalie","12":"tag-union-africaine-fr"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c0 quoi ressemble l\u2019avenir de l\u2019AMISOM ? - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/11\/a-quoi-ressemble-lavenir-de-lamisom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c0 quoi ressemble l\u2019avenir de l\u2019AMISOM ? - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF \u00c0 peu pr\u00e8s au moment o\u00f9 la Somalie a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre tourment\u00e9e par une insurrection extr\u00e9miste islamiste, l\u2019Union africaine y a \u00e9tabli une mission r\u00e9gionale de maintien de la paix. 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