{"id":26466,"date":"2021-08-25T13:39:11","date_gmt":"2021-08-25T17:39:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=26466"},"modified":"2021-08-25T13:39:28","modified_gmt":"2021-08-25T17:39:28","slug":"les-troubles-dafrique-du-sud-inspirent-des-demandes-de-modernisation-du-secteur-de-la-securite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/08\/les-troubles-dafrique-du-sud-inspirent-des-demandes-de-modernisation-du-secteur-de-la-securite\/","title":{"rendered":"Les troubles d\u2019Afrique du Sud inspirent des demandes de modernisation du secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/p>\n

Lorsque Jacob Zuma, ex-pr\u00e9sident d\u2019Afrique du Sud, s\u2019est rendu \u00e0 la police le 7 juillet pour purger une peine de prison de 15 mois, des centaines de sympathisants se sont regroup\u00e9s pr\u00e8s de chez lui dans la province du Kwazulu Natal, certains arm\u00e9s d\u2019un fusil, d\u2019une lance ou d\u2019un bouclier.<\/p>\n

Ce long drame judiciaire a pris fin lorsque M. Zuma a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9 coupable d\u2019outrage au tribunal, et s\u2019est transform\u00e9 rapidement en violence qui a d\u00e9fi\u00e9 la capacit\u00e9 du pays \u00e0 faire pr\u00e9valoir l\u2019\u00e9tat de droit.<\/p>\n

Durant neuf jours, l\u2019Afrique du Sud a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019objet des pires troubles civils qu\u2019elle avait connu depuis la fin de l\u2019apartheid en 1994. Les experts d\u00e9clarent que cette violence a expos\u00e9 les faiblesses du pays dans le secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ils esp\u00e8rent que cela servira de coup de semonce pour instaurer des r\u00e9formes.<\/p>\n

Jakkie Cilliers, fondateur de l\u2019Institut pour les \u00e9tudes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (ISS) bas\u00e9 en Afrique du Sud, \u00e9crit sur le site web de l\u2019institut\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Avec un taux de ch\u00f4mage \u00e9lev\u00e9, l\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9, la pauvret\u00e9, la x\u00e9nophobie et le racisme, le pays va affronter des probl\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure pendant plusieurs ann\u00e9es.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Un officier de police sud-africain monte la garde avec des soldats de la Force nationale de d\u00e9fense d\u2019Afrique du Sud \u00e0 Soweto le 13 juillet 2021. AFP\/GETTY IMAGES<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ajoutez \u00e0 cela le d\u00e9clin de la stabilit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale du fait de l\u2019insurrection dans la province mozambicaine de Cabo Delgado et les \u00e9v\u00e9nements d\u2019Eswatini, et il est clair que le syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sud-africain doit \u00eatre reformul\u00e9 de toute urgence pour les t\u00e2ches \u00e0 accomplir.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Les \u00e9meutes, les pillages et les incendies criminels g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9s ont commenc\u00e9 le 9 juillet. Le service de police sud-africain (SAPS), affect\u00e9 par un manque d\u2019armes non l\u00e9tales, a eu des difficult\u00e9s pour ma\u00eetriser les dommages. Les troubles se sont rapidement propag\u00e9s \u00e0 Johannesbourg et dans la province environnante du Gauteng, r\u00e9gion la plus petite mais la plus peupl\u00e9e du pays.<\/p>\n

Le 12 juillet, le pr\u00e9sident Cyril Ramaphosa a autoris\u00e9 le d\u00e9ploiement de 2.500 soldats de la Force nationale de d\u00e9fense d\u2019Afrique du Sud (SANDF) pour aider la police. Cette action, appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0op\u00e9ration Prosper\u00a0\u00bb, s\u2019est \u00e9largie \u00e0 25.000 soldats dans le but de r\u00e9tablir l\u2019ordre.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s neuf jours de troubles, la police a signal\u00e9 3.407 arrestations en date du 18 juillet. Le 22 juillet, le SAPS a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que 337 personnes \u00e9taient d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Dans une allocution nationale le 18 juillet, M. Ramaphosa a appel\u00e9 ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements une tentative d\u2019insurrection.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Il est aujourd\u2019hui \u00e9vident que les \u00e9v\u00e9nements de la semaine derni\u00e8re n\u2019\u00e9taient rien d\u2019autre qu\u2019une attaque d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e, bien planifi\u00e9e et bien coordonn\u00e9e, contre notre d\u00e9mocratie, dit-il. Ils n\u2019ont pas obtenu le soutien populaire de nos citoyens. Les Sud-Africains les ont rejet\u00e9s.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Dans un article d\u2019opinion publi\u00e9 dans le journal sud-africain The Citizen le 14 ao\u00fbt, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de brigade Gerald Pharo a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l\u2019une des le\u00e7ons \u00e0 tirer est la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une formation conjointe avec le SAPS et le service de renseignements militaire.<\/p>\n

Ce directeur des op\u00e9rations conventionnelles de la SANDF \u00e9crit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Nous devons chercher des moyens d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les communications \u00e0 tous les niveaux et de cr\u00e9er une compr\u00e9hension commune des diff\u00e9rents secteurs et domaines de responsabilit\u00e9 entre les diff\u00e9rentes agences\u00a0: militaire, police et renseignements. L\u2019une des carences de notre formation est le fait que nous nous sommes concentr\u00e9s sur le maintien de la paix et les op\u00e9rations ext\u00e9rieures offensives, plut\u00f4t qu\u2019une formation de contre-insurrection.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Au d\u00e9but ao\u00fbt, M. Ramaphosa a remani\u00e9 son cabinet en cr\u00e9ant un nouveau minist\u00e8re de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tat et en d\u00e9signant un nouveau ministre de la D\u00e9fense pour qu\u2019il se joigne au ministre de la Police dans le cadre de l\u2019\u00e9quipe de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 modernis\u00e9e du pays.<\/p>\n

Toutefois, les analystes tels que M. Cilliers soulignent le besoin de combler les lacunes qui existent toujours, par exemple la formation de la police anti-\u00e9meute et la coordination des renseignements dans plusieurs minist\u00e8res pour anticiper les troubles.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les services de d\u00e9tection et les renseignements sur la criminalit\u00e9 devraient \u00eatre prioris\u00e9s pour permettre l\u2019alerte pr\u00e9coce, la d\u00e9tection et les poursuites des crimes complexes tels que ceux commis par les planificateurs de la r\u00e9cente insurrection et le crime organis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat naissant, \u00e9crit M. Cilliers. La capacit\u00e9 de riposter aux manifestations publiques avec des policiers suffisamment form\u00e9s et \u00e9quip\u00e9s pour cette t\u00e2che est aussi cruciale.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Selon l\u2019ISS, la r\u00e9duction des budgets de la police et des forces arm\u00e9es en 2021 est un facteur critique dans la r\u00e9ponse inefficace du SAPS, qui a n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 une intervention militaire.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9conomiste Duma Gqubule en convient, d\u00e9clarant que la pand\u00e9mie du Covid-19 et la mauvaise r\u00e9ponse du gouvernement ont intensifi\u00e9 les maux sociaux existants.<\/p>\n

Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 au journal sud-africain Daily Maverick\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ce sont les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019aust\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elle affecte profond\u00e9ment notre capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la violence. Vous avez une crise \u00e0 la fois humanitaire et \u00e9conomique. Nous ne devrions pas la confondre avec une crise uniquement s\u00e9curitaire.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Lorsque Jacob Zuma, ex-pr\u00e9sident d\u2019Afrique du Sud, s\u2019est rendu \u00e0 la police le 7 juillet pour purger une peine de prison de 15 mois, des centaines de sympathisants se sont regroup\u00e9s pr\u00e8s de chez lui dans la province du Kwazulu Natal, certains arm\u00e9s d\u2019un fusil, d\u2019une lance ou d\u2019un bouclier. Ce long drame<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26455,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-26466","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes troubles d\u2019Afrique du Sud inspirent des demandes de modernisation du secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/2021\/08\/unrest-in-south-africa-prompts-calls-to-revamp-security-sector\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les troubles d\u2019Afrique du Sud inspirent des demandes de modernisation du secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Lorsque Jacob Zuma, ex-pr\u00e9sident d\u2019Afrique du Sud, s\u2019est rendu \u00e0 la police le 7 juillet pour purger une peine de prison de 15 mois, des centaines de sympathisants se sont regroup\u00e9s pr\u00e8s de chez lui dans la province du Kwazulu Natal, certains arm\u00e9s d\u2019un fusil, d\u2019une lance ou d\u2019un bouclier. 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