{"id":26021,"date":"2021-07-28T14:46:38","date_gmt":"2021-07-28T18:46:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=26021"},"modified":"2021-07-28T14:47:09","modified_gmt":"2021-07-28T18:47:09","slug":"la-technologie-chinoise-smart-est-tres-risquee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/07\/la-technologie-chinoise-smart-est-tres-risquee\/","title":{"rendered":"La technologie chinoise \u00ab smart \u00bb est tr\u00e8s risqu\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/p>\n

Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s technologiques chinoises colportent depuis des ann\u00e9es des ensembles technologiques de \u00ab\u00a0ville s\u00fbre\u00a0\u00bb et de \u00ab\u00a0ville smart\u00a0\u00bb en Afrique. Les s\u00e9ries de produits et de services interconnect\u00e9s incluent l\u2019\u00e9quipement de surveillance, les outils de communication et les syst\u00e8mes num\u00e9riques de gestion municipale.<\/p>\n

Annonc\u00e9s comme des outils de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 publique, les programmes sont de plus en plus utilis\u00e9s pour contr\u00f4ler la population et r\u00e9primer les protestations.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Cela peut \u00eatre dangereux entre les mains de quelqu\u2019un d\u2019irresponsable, et cela peut \u00eatre facilement abus\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Zlatko Petrovi\u0107, responsable public serbe qui se sp\u00e9cialise dans la protection des donn\u00e9es personnelles, au Financial Times.<\/p>\n

En Chine, des millions de cam\u00e9ras vid\u00e9o sont install\u00e9es dans les villes. Alors qu\u2019elles observent tout ce qu\u2019elles peuvent, elles sont connect\u00e9es \u00e0 un logiciel de reconnaissance faciale, \u00e0 une intelligence artificielle et \u00e0 toute une s\u00e9rie d\u2019autres outils.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s technologiques chinoises ont prioris\u00e9 l\u2019exportation du logiciel de reconnaissance faciale et d\u2019autres syst\u00e8mes d\u2019intelligence artificielle. REUTERS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La technologie fait partie du projet chinois Bouclier dor\u00e9, un r\u00e9seau num\u00e9rique national de surveillance. L\u2019un de ses syst\u00e8mes cl\u00e9s est le Grand Firewall de Chine, syst\u00e8me gouvernemental pour filtrer et contr\u00f4ler l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019Internet.<\/p>\n

Les critiques tels que Xiao Qiang, fondateur du site web China Digital Times, sonnent l\u2019alarme sur les risques encourus par la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et les droits humains qui accompagnent la technologie chinoise de surveillance.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ceci repr\u00e9sente l\u2019expansion mondiale du syst\u00e8me chinois d\u2019autoritarisme num\u00e9rique, d\u00e9clare-t-il au Financial Times. Lorsque je parle d\u2019autoritarisme num\u00e9rique, je veux dire la capacit\u00e9 de contr\u00f4ler, surveiller et forcer les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 utiliser ce type de technologie de la ville s\u00fbre et la ville smart.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Beaucoup de pays, mais pas tous, installent ces ensembles de ville s\u00fbre et smart car ils ont des r\u00e9gimes peu lib\u00e9raux qui d\u00e9cident de compter sur ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises pour g\u00e9rer leur infrastructure en leur nom.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Les experts avertissent que la technologie de surveillance chinoise peut permettre aux gouvernements autoritaires de surveiller les personnes ou les groupes sp\u00e9cifiques. Ils avertissent aussi les acheteurs de cette technologie que les donn\u00e9es priv\u00e9es peuvent probablement \u00eatre transmises au service de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat chinois sans qu\u2019un relev\u00e9 n\u2019apparaisse dans le logiciel.<\/p>\n

Une expansion en Afrique<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bien que de nombreux pays aient exclu le g\u00e9ant chinois des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications Huawei \u00e0 cause des probl\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 continue \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper en Afrique.<\/p>\n

Ses centres de donn\u00e9es, son infrastructure en nuage et ses services de l\u2019e-gouvernement g\u00e8rent des donn\u00e9es sensibles telles que les imp\u00f4ts, les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents de sant\u00e9 et les dossiers juridiques.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 la fin juin 2021, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal est devenu le plus r\u00e9cent pays africain \u00e0 annoncer des plans de transfert de toutes les donn\u00e9es et toutes les plateformes num\u00e9riques du gouvernement vers un centre de donn\u00e9es financ\u00e9 par la Chine et construit par Huawei.<\/p>\n

Trois pays africains jug\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0non libres\u00a0\u00bb par l\u2019organisation non gouvernementale Freedom House (Alg\u00e9rie, Cameroun et \u00c9gypte) ont des accords avec les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s technologiques chinoises de surveillance. Plusieurs autres pays jug\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0partiellement libres\u00a0\u00bb, notamment la C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, le Kenya, Madagascar, le Maroc et le Mozambique, ont aussi fait des achats.<\/p>\n

Le Zimbabwe a consolid\u00e9 sa relation avec les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s technologiques chinoises depuis la mi-2018 lorsqu\u2019il avait achet\u00e9 un logiciel de reconnaissance faciale pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des fronti\u00e8res aupr\u00e8s de Hikvision, soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de surveillance contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par le gouvernement chinois. Hikvision pilote aussi actuellement un projet ambitieux de ville smart \u00e0 Mutare, la quatri\u00e8me ville du Zimbabwe.<\/p>\n

Au d\u00e9but 2019, CloudWalk Technology a fait don de terminaux de reconnaissance faciale qui n\u00e9cessitaient que les images soient envoy\u00e9es depuis le Zimbabwe \u00e0 des bureaux en Chine. Les experts d\u00e9clarent que CloudWalk les a utilis\u00e9es pour am\u00e9liorer la capacit\u00e9 du logiciel pour identifier les visages \u00e0 la peau fonc\u00e9e, technologie qui lui faisait d\u00e9faut.<\/p>\n

Ces deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sanctionn\u00e9es par les gouvernements occidentaux pour des abus des droits humains contre la communaut\u00e9 minoritaire des Ou\u00efghours musulmans.<\/p>\n

Alors que les critiques augmentent dans le monde entier, les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s technologiques chinoises font l\u2019objet d\u2019un examen plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9 et, dans certains cas, de restrictions et du retrait de leurs produits par des gouvernements pr\u00e9occup\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Xiao d\u00e9clare sur Public Radio International\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Si vous utilisez la technologie chinoise, vos donn\u00e9es ne restent pas seulement entre les mains de ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s priv\u00e9es, comme Google ou Apple. Vos donn\u00e9es tombent essentiellement entre les mains du Parti communiste chinois.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s technologiques chinoises colportent depuis des ann\u00e9es des ensembles technologiques de \u00ab\u00a0ville s\u00fbre\u00a0\u00bb et de \u00ab\u00a0ville smart\u00a0\u00bb en Afrique. Les s\u00e9ries de produits et de services interconnect\u00e9s incluent l\u2019\u00e9quipement de surveillance, les outils de communication et les syst\u00e8mes num\u00e9riques de gestion municipale. Annonc\u00e9s comme des outils de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 publique, les programmes sont<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26010,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-26021","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa technologie chinoise \u00ab smart \u00bb est tr\u00e8s risqu\u00e9e - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/07\/la-technologie-chinoise-smart-est-tres-risquee\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La technologie chinoise \u00ab smart \u00bb est tr\u00e8s risqu\u00e9e - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s technologiques chinoises colportent depuis des ann\u00e9es des ensembles technologiques de \u00ab\u00a0ville s\u00fbre\u00a0\u00bb et de \u00ab\u00a0ville smart\u00a0\u00bb en Afrique. 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