{"id":25396,"date":"2021-06-30T13:14:05","date_gmt":"2021-06-30T17:14:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=25396"},"modified":"2025-05-29T11:41:10","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T15:41:10","slug":"un-pipeline-soutenu-par-la-chine-suscite-des-preoccupations-ecologiques-et-economiques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/06\/un-pipeline-soutenu-par-la-chine-suscite-des-preoccupations-ecologiques-et-economiques\/","title":{"rendered":"Un pipeline soutenu par la Chine suscite des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9cologiques et \u00e9conomiques"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

Les dirigeants de l\u2019Ouganda et de la Tanzanie ont r\u00e9cemment approuv\u00e9 un nouveau pipeline soutenu par la Chine, qui transportera le p\u00e9trole sur une distance de plus de 1.400 km depuis l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du continent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien.<\/p>\n

Les \u00e9cologistes d\u00e9clarent que le projet menace les moyens de subsistance de plusieurs milliers de personnes, traverse des habitats cruciaux pour la survie des \u00e9l\u00e9phants et autres animaux sauvages, et promet d\u2019augmenter l\u2019empreinte carbone des deux pays \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 de nombreux pays essaient de r\u00e9duire leurs \u00e9missions.<\/p>\n

Landry Ninteretse, directeur r\u00e9gional de l\u2019organisme sans but lucratif bas\u00e9 au Kenya 350Africa.org, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 ADF\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019EACOP [East African Crude Oil Pipeline, pipeline de p\u00e9trole brut d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Est] menace l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions mondiales les plus \u00e9cologiquement diverses et riches en faune sauvage. Le pipeline menace aussi s\u00e9rieusement les sources d\u2019eau critiques, les zones humides et plusieurs fleuves des deux pays. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Ce pipeline de 3,5 milliards de dollars est un exemple de la fa\u00e7on dont la Nouvelle route de la soie chinoise alt\u00e8re dramatiquement le paysage africain, souvent avec un impact n\u00e9gatif sur les ressources naturelles du continent, y compris l\u2019eau, l\u2019agriculture et l\u2019habitat de la faune sauvage.<\/p>\n

Depuis pr\u00e8s de dix ans, cette initiative construit des routes, des ports, des pipelines et autre infrastructure en Afrique. Dans la plupart des cas, les projets sont financ\u00e9s par des pr\u00eats chinois, construits par une main d\u2019\u0153uvre chinoise, g\u00e9r\u00e9s par des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises et souvent ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s pour le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de l\u2019\u00e9conomie chinoise en extrayant les ressources africaines comme le p\u00e9trole. En fin de compte, les pays africains se retrouvent oblig\u00e9s de rembourser des dettes d\u00e9vastatrices.<\/p>\n

Dans le cas pr\u00e9sent, le p\u00e9trole provient de 130 puits for\u00e9s dans le parc national des chutes Murchison, le plus grand parc de l\u2019Ouganda o\u00f9 vivent les \u00e9l\u00e9phants et les lions menac\u00e9s, une grande population de crocodiles du Nil et plus de 400 esp\u00e8ces d\u2019oiseaux.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Ouganda et la Tanzanie ont pos\u00e9 la pierre angulaire du projet de pipeline en 2017\u00a0; le plan consistait \u00e0 l\u2019ouvrir en 2020 mais cet \u00e9ch\u00e9ancier a \u00e9t\u00e9 repouss\u00e9 \u00e0 2025.<\/p>\n

Le pipeline fait partie de deux projets p\u00e9troliers\u00a0: Tilenga, g\u00e9r\u00e9 par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise Total, et Kingfisher, g\u00e9r\u00e9 par la China National Offshore Oil Corp. (CNOOC). Les deux projets pourront produire jusqu\u2019\u00e0 216.000 barils par jour lorsqu\u2019ils seront pleinement op\u00e9rationnels.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Ouganda a d\u00e9couvert en 2006 des r\u00e9serves de p\u00e9trole de 6 milliards de barils dans le bassin du lac Albert \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re avec la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo. Le p\u00e9trole est lourd et visqueux, aussi le pipeline sera \u00e9lectriquement chauff\u00e9 pour faciliter son \u00e9coulement.<\/p>\n

Les responsables du pipeline signalent que la construction augmentera les investissements \u00e9trangers directs dans les deux pays de 60\u00a0%.<\/p>\n

Les opposants d\u00e9clarent que ces investissements ne valent pas les risques potentiels courus par les communaut\u00e9s et l\u2019environnement. Les \u00e9cologistes d\u00e9clarent que les lacs tels que le lac Albert sont affect\u00e9s par la pollution r\u00e9sultant du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019\u00e9nergie fossile.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Certains p\u00eacheurs du lac Albert, qui repr\u00e9sente 43\u00a0% de la prise de poissons de l\u2019Ouganda, ont aussi perdu leurs zones de p\u00eache car elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation du p\u00e9trole et du gaz\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare \u00e0 ADF Diana Nabiruma, responsable principale des communications pour l\u2019Institut africain pour la gouvernance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n

La terre continue \u00e0 \u00eatre sujette aux ventes forc\u00e9es pour que des routes p\u00e9troli\u00e8res, une raffinerie, des pipelines et autre infrastructure puissent \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s. Mme Nabiruma d\u00e9clare que les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises telles que CNOOC participent aux processus de vente forc\u00e9e de la terre.<\/p>\n

Une alliance de 38 groupes de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile en Ouganda, en Tanzanie et en RDC d\u00e9clare que le projet de pipeline a \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9 sans transparence et sans r\u00e9pondre aux pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9cologiques. Les membres du Parlement ougandais d\u00e9clarent qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont pas eu acc\u00e8s aux documents de cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019EACOP.<\/p>\n

Une section du pipeline d\u2019environ 460 km traversera le bassin hydrologique oriental du lac Victoria, le plus grand lac d\u2019eau douce d\u2019Afrique qui soutient la subsistance de plus de 40 millions de personnes dans la r\u00e9gion. Le pipeline traverse aussi le parc national des chutes Murchison, la r\u00e9serve foresti\u00e8re de Taala, la for\u00eat de Bugoma et la r\u00e9serve de faune sauvage Biharamulo.<\/p>\n

Les ventes forc\u00e9es de terrain et les restrictions dans la zone du pipeline emp\u00eacheront 13.000 familles d\u2019utiliser leurs terres ancestrales comme elles l\u2019ont fait depuis des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0De telles restrictions impos\u00e9es aux communaut\u00e9s rurales et agricoles ont de graves cons\u00e9quences sur leur subsistance et par cons\u00e9quent sur leurs droits alimentaires, \u00e9ducatifs et de sant\u00e9, d\u00e9clare M. Ninteretse. Elles ne sont plus autoris\u00e9es \u00e0 cultiver des r\u00e9coltes \u00e0 long terme, seulement des r\u00e9coltes \u00e0 court terme.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Les \u00e9cologistes soutiennent que, si l\u2019Ouganda et la Tanzanie investissent l\u2019avenir de leur pays dans un pipeline pour exp\u00e9dier le p\u00e9trole outre-mer, ils vont d\u00e9penser des milliards de dollars pour une technologie p\u00e9rim\u00e9e et dangereuse, argent qu\u2019ils pourraient utiliser pour fournir \u00e0 leurs r\u00e9sidents ruraux une \u00e9nergie propre et renouvelable.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Il existe une \u00e9norme demande pour des options \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques hors r\u00e9seau en Ouganda, d\u00e9clare Mme Nabiruma. Cet argent pourrait \u00eatre investi dans les mini-r\u00e9seaux, les syst\u00e8mes solaires r\u00e9sidentiels autonomes et d\u2019autres moyens d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie propre. Mais \u00e7a ne vas pas se faire.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Les dirigeants de l\u2019Ouganda et de la Tanzanie ont r\u00e9cemment approuv\u00e9 un nouveau pipeline soutenu par la Chine, qui transportera le p\u00e9trole sur une distance de plus de 1.400 km depuis l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du continent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien. Les \u00e9cologistes d\u00e9clarent que le projet menace les moyens de subsistance de plusieurs milliers de personnes,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25385,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-25396","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUn pipeline soutenu par la Chine suscite des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9cologiques et \u00e9conomiques - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/06\/un-pipeline-soutenu-par-la-chine-suscite-des-preoccupations-ecologiques-et-economiques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un pipeline soutenu par la Chine suscite des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9cologiques et \u00e9conomiques - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Les dirigeants de l\u2019Ouganda et de la Tanzanie ont r\u00e9cemment approuv\u00e9 un nouveau pipeline soutenu par la Chine, qui transportera le p\u00e9trole sur une distance de plus de 1.400 km depuis l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du continent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien. 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