{"id":25190,"date":"2021-06-23T13:19:19","date_gmt":"2021-06-23T17:19:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=25190"},"modified":"2021-06-23T13:19:40","modified_gmt":"2021-06-23T17:19:40","slug":"rapport-lindustrie-de-la-farine-de-poisson-vide-les-eaux-dafrique-de-louest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/06\/rapport-lindustrie-de-la-farine-de-poisson-vide-les-eaux-dafrique-de-louest\/","title":{"rendered":"Rapport : L\u2019industrie de la farine de poisson vide les eaux d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

Au large des c\u00f4tes d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, les navires \u00e9trangers nettoient la mer \u00e0 la recherche de la sardinelle, de l\u2019ethmalose et des autres petits poissons p\u00e9lagiques qui sont cruciaux pour les communaut\u00e9s de p\u00eache artisanale de la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n

Les poissons aboutissent dans des usines telles que celle de Kartong, g\u00e9r\u00e9e par les Chinois et situ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019angle sud-ouest de la Gambie. Ils y sont press\u00e9s pour obtenir de l\u2019huile et meul\u00e9s pour former une poudre qui est export\u00e9e afin de nourrir les troupeaux et les poissons d\u2019\u00e9levage du monde entier.<\/p>\n

Les poissons et les crevettes d\u2019\u00e9levage reviennent ensuite en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest sous forme de produits d\u2019importation co\u00fbteux, alors que les p\u00eacheurs artisanaux ont des difficult\u00e9s pour survivre.<\/p>\n

Un rapport publi\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment par Greenpeace Afrique et Changing Markets montre que la production effr\u00e9n\u00e9e de farine de poisson et d\u2019huile de poisson capture annuellement plus d\u2019un demi-million de tonnes de petits poissons dans les eaux d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, ce qui r\u00e9duit les stocks de poissons qui soutiennent les communaut\u00e9s locales de p\u00eache depuis des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0L\u2019industrie de la farine et de l\u2019huile de poisson, et tous les gouvernements et toutes les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s qui la soutiennent, ne font en fait que voler les moyens de subsistance et la nourriture des populations locales\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare dans le rapport le Dr Ibrahima Ciss\u00e9, responsable de campagne bas\u00e9 au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal pour Greenpeace Afrique.<\/p>\n

L\u2019industrie de la farine de poisson a d\u00e9cupl\u00e9 le long des c\u00f4tes d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest au cours des dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, selon le rapport.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Au lieu de cela, nous avons calcul\u00e9 que ces poissons pourraient nourrir plus de 33 millions de personnes dans la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare \u00e0 EuroNews Alice Delemare Tangpuori, responsable des campagnes pour Changing Markets.<\/p>\n

Plus de cinquante usines de farine de poissons sont implant\u00e9es le long de la c\u00f4te ouest-africaine en Gambie, en Mauritanie et au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. Une seule usine peut transformer 7.500 tonnes de poissons par an. La Mauritanie avait convenu en 2017 d\u2019\u00e9liminer compl\u00e8tement ses usines de farine de poisson en 2020\u00a0; au contraire, les 25 usines du pays appartenant \u00e0 des \u00e9trangers ont tripl\u00e9 leur production.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9partement de l\u2019Agriculture des \u00c9tats-Unis estime que le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal exporte annuellement 12.000 tonnes de farine de poisson. Environ 5 tonnes de poissons frais sont utilis\u00e9es pour produire chaque tonne de farine.<\/p>\n

Selon les Nations unies, 90\u00a0% des p\u00eacheries du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 pleinement exploit\u00e9es ou affrontent l\u2019effondrement.<\/p>\n

En d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e, la Sea Shepherd Conservation Society et les autorit\u00e9s gambiennes ont inspect\u00e9 un navire de p\u00eache exploit\u00e9 par la Chine qui p\u00eachait au chalut au large des c\u00f4tes de la Gambie. Le navire naviguait avec son transpondeur arr\u00eat\u00e9, ce qui est une tactique courante des vaisseaux engag\u00e9s dans la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale. En outre, les membres d\u2019\u00e9quipage ne maintenaient pas les relev\u00e9s quotidiens obligatoires de leur emplacement et de leur prise.<\/p>\n

Le magazine New Yorker a signal\u00e9 ces inspections dans un documentaire vid\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

Sur le littoral, les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises construisent des usines de farine de poisson comme celle de Kartong, en promettant des emplois et une infrastructure. Mais les activistes locaux d\u00e9clarent que l\u2019odeur insupportable des usines a en fait d\u00e9truit le tourisme. Ils disent que ces usines ruinent les zones r\u00e9serv\u00e9es \u00e0 la p\u00eache artisanale lorsqu\u2019elles pompent leurs d\u00e9chets non trait\u00e9s dans les eaux proches du littoral.<\/p>\n

Le biologiste gambien Ahmed Manjang a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 au New Yorker\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ce que nous constatons n\u2019est pas du d\u00e9veloppement. C\u2019est de l\u2019exploitation.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Manjang est n\u00e9 \u00e0 Gunjur, village c\u00f4tier qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une r\u00e9serve naturelle pour prot\u00e9ger ses pal\u00e9tuviers littoraux et la lagune Bolong Fenyo, fragile sur le plan \u00e9cologique. Les mesures de protection n\u2019ont pas mis fin \u00e0 la pollution. En 2017, la lagune est devenue rouge et tout ce qui y vivait est mort.<\/p>\n

Manjang a conduit des tests qui ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 un haut niveau d\u2019arsenic et des niveaux de phosphate et de nitrate qui \u00e9taient quarante fois plus hauts que les niveaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme s\u00e9curitaires. Il a d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que la contamination provenait de l\u2019usine voisine de farine de poisson Golden Lead, dont les propri\u00e9taires sont Chinois.<\/p>\n

Le gouvernement gambien condamna l\u2019usine \u00e0 verser une amende de 25.000 dollars. Afin de contourner la r\u00e9glementation, les g\u00e9rants de l\u2019usine ont install\u00e9 un nouveau tuyau de d\u00e9chets sous la plage pour d\u00e9verser les d\u00e9chets plus loin en mer.<\/p>\n

En 2018, les r\u00e9sidents de Gunjur ont d\u00e9truit le tuyau de d\u00e9chets de l\u2019usine Golden Lead, lequel a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapidement remplac\u00e9. En mars dernier, un groupe a incendi\u00e9 une usine de farine de poisson appartenant \u00e0 la Chine et a d\u00e9truit quarante vaisseaux de p\u00eache qui l\u2019approvisionnaient dans le village de Sanyang.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 les manifestations et les appels pour que les gouvernements fassent plus afin de r\u00e9glementer l\u2019industrie de la farine de poisson, les activistes d\u00e9clarent que peu de choses ont chang\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le journaliste gambien Mustapha Malleh a dit au New Yorker\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Chine a donn\u00e9 beaucoup de pr\u00eats \u00e0 la Gambie, elle a donn\u00e9 beaucoup de soi-disant subventions \u00e0 la Gambie. Ils peuvent tout se permettre.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Au large des c\u00f4tes d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, les navires \u00e9trangers nettoient la mer \u00e0 la recherche de la sardinelle, de l\u2019ethmalose et des autres petits poissons p\u00e9lagiques qui sont cruciaux pour les communaut\u00e9s de p\u00eache artisanale de la r\u00e9gion. Les poissons aboutissent dans des usines telles que celle de Kartong, g\u00e9r\u00e9e par les<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25183,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-25190","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRapport : L\u2019industrie de la farine de poisson vide les eaux d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/06\/rapport-lindustrie-de-la-farine-de-poisson-vide-les-eaux-dafrique-de-louest\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rapport : L\u2019industrie de la farine de poisson vide les eaux d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Au large des c\u00f4tes d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, les navires \u00e9trangers nettoient la mer \u00e0 la recherche de la sardinelle, de l\u2019ethmalose et des autres petits poissons p\u00e9lagiques qui sont cruciaux pour les communaut\u00e9s de p\u00eache artisanale de la r\u00e9gion. 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