{"id":24450,"date":"2021-06-09T14:27:14","date_gmt":"2021-06-09T18:27:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=24450"},"modified":"2021-06-09T14:30:05","modified_gmt":"2021-06-09T18:30:05","slug":"le-braconnage-des-ormeaux-encourage-la-consommation-de-drogue-et-decime-les-ressources","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/06\/le-braconnage-des-ormeaux-encourage-la-consommation-de-drogue-et-decime-les-ressources\/","title":{"rendered":"Le braconnage des ormeaux encourage la consommation de drogue et d\u00e9cime les ressources"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt-dix, une relation de symbiose est apparue entre les braconniers d\u2019ormeaux sud-africains et les syndicats du crime organis\u00e9 chinois, o\u00f9 ces gros escargots de mer sont tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Cette relation, qui inclut les bandes criminelles africaines et les trafiquants de stup\u00e9fiants chinois, continue jusqu\u2019\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n

Ces escargots, appel\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0or blanc\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 cause de leur partie ventrale couleur perle, sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme un article de luxe. Leur demande, qui est mont\u00e9e en fl\u00e8che dans les ann\u00e9es 90, a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une industrie mondiale d\u2019exportation de plusieurs milliards de dollars, et une industrie du braconnage en plein essor en Afrique du Sud.<\/p>\n

Parmi les 56 esp\u00e8ces d\u2019ormeau dans le monde, cinq se trouvent en Afrique du Sud. L\u2019une d\u2019elles, appel\u00e9e Haliotis midae<\/em>, est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e parmi les plus savoureuses. Ces mollusques croissent lentement et n\u00e9cessitent huit ou neuf ans avant d\u2019atteindre la taille l\u00e9gale minimale \u00e0 laquelle ils peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9colt\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Jadis trouv\u00e9s en abondance sur les deux tiers de la c\u00f4te sud-africaine, les stocks d\u2019ormeaux baissent en chute libre et atteignent aujourd\u2019hui des niveaux faibles critiques.<\/p>\n

Traffic, groupe de surveillance du commerce de la faune sauvage, estime que 2.000 tonnes d\u2019ormeaux sont r\u00e9colt\u00e9es ill\u00e9galement dans les eaux sud-africaines chaque ann\u00e9e. On estime que cette industrie illicite vaut au moins 60 millions de dollars par an.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ces niveaux de braconnage sont parmi les pires que nous avons constat\u00e9s au cours des 20 \u00e0 30 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Markus B\u00fcrgener, officier de programme sud-africain pour Traffic, dans un documentaire de 2018 intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Coquilles vides\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Afrique du Sud a aggrav\u00e9 le probl\u00e8me pour les p\u00eacheurs locaux qui respectent les lois en r\u00e9duisant la limite autoris\u00e9e de r\u00e9colte l\u00e9gale d\u2019ormeaux \u00e0 80 tonnes en 2007.<\/p>\n

Traffic estime que les braconniers ont pris au moins 96 millions d\u2019ormeaux sur la c\u00f4te sud-africaine entre 2000 et 2018.<\/p>\n

Pendant la majeure partie du 20\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, les populations d\u2019ormeaux \u00e9taient stables, selon le professeur Peter Britz de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Rhodes \u00e0 Makhanda (Afrique du Sud).<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Mais vers le milieu des ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt-dix, une temp\u00eate parfaite s\u2019est produite\u00a0\u00bb, dit-il dans un documentaire appel\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Or noir\u00a0\u00bb, qui d\u00e9crit comment la demande chinoise en hausse a co\u00efncid\u00e9 avec le retour de l\u2019Afrique du Sud sur les march\u00e9s commerciaux mondiaux apr\u00e8s l\u2019apartheid. \u00ab\u00a0Cela a stimul\u00e9 une ru\u00e9e vers l\u2019or pour les ormeaux. Le crime organis\u00e9 y a particip\u00e9 tr\u00e8s rapidement.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Initialement, les gens p\u00eachaient seulement pour eux-m\u00eames, puis les gangs sont bient\u00f4t arriv\u00e9s. Les syndicats chinois ont fourni la fili\u00e8re de marketing vers l\u2019Asie.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Les ormeaux sont en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral vendus par les braconniers aux gangs locaux, \u00e0 une fraction de leur valeur, d\u00e9clare le professeur Britz. Ils sont ensuite s\u00e9ch\u00e9s et transport\u00e9s en contrebande vers les pays voisins tels que l\u2019Eswatini, le Lesotho et la Namibie, avant que les syndicats chinois ne les exportent \u00e0 Hong Kong.<\/p>\n

Au cours des ann\u00e9es, les bandes sud-africaines et les acheteurs chinois ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une \u00e9conomie de troc, dans laquelle les stup\u00e9fiants sont \u00e9chang\u00e9s contre les ormeaux au lieu d\u2019utiliser l\u2019argent comptant.<\/p>\n

Les syndicats chinois qui sont actifs en Afrique du Sud depuis plusieurs d\u00e9cennies vendent des compos\u00e9s pr\u00e9curseurs utilis\u00e9s dans la fabrication des drogues populaires telles que la m\u00e9thaqualone, appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0mandrax\u00a0\u00bb en Afrique du Sud, et la m\u00e9thamph\u00e9tamine cristalline, appel\u00e9e localement \u00ab\u00a0tik\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Ces pr\u00e9curseurs, non contr\u00f4l\u00e9s et facilement obtenus en Chine, sont on\u00e9reux et difficiles \u00e0 obtenir en Afrique du Sud.<\/p>\n

En 2005, la m\u00e9thamph\u00e9tamine \u00e9tait devenue la drogue de choix dans la province du Cap-Occidental, pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 la m\u00e9thaqualone, la marijuana et l\u2019alcool, selon le R\u00e9seau d\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie des communaut\u00e9s sud-africaines sur l\u2019usage des stup\u00e9fiants.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0\u00c0 cause de la participation du crime organis\u00e9, des liens apparents avec les gangs du Cap, des liens entre le commerce des ormeaux et le commerce des stup\u00e9fiants, il y a aussi un certain impact socio\u00e9conomique n\u00e9gatif \u00e9vident qui est associ\u00e9, d\u00e9clare M. B\u00fcrgener. Il existe un grand nombre de gens sur la c\u00f4te qui y participent, et leur exp\u00e9rience de travail reste exclusivement au sein d\u2019une \u00e9conomie illicite.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

La production de m\u00e9thamph\u00e9tamine a diminu\u00e9 en Afrique du Sud au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, alors que de nouvelles fili\u00e8res d\u2019approvisionnement ont \u00e9merg\u00e9, depuis le Nigeria et le Moyen-Orient. Malgr\u00e9 ces changements, la relation entre les march\u00e9s ill\u00e9gaux des ormeaux et des drogues continue. Et ceci est une mauvaise nouvelle pour les p\u00eacheurs l\u00e9gitimes.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0L\u2019effondrement de cette p\u00eache est in\u00e9vitable\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare le professeur Britz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt-dix, une relation de symbiose est apparue entre les braconniers d\u2019ormeaux sud-africains et les syndicats du crime organis\u00e9 chinois, o\u00f9 ces gros escargots de mer sont tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s. Cette relation, qui inclut les bandes criminelles africaines et les trafiquants de stup\u00e9fiants chinois, continue jusqu\u2019\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui. Ces escargots, appel\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0or<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24447,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-24450","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe braconnage des ormeaux encourage la consommation de drogue et d\u00e9cime les ressources - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/06\/le-braconnage-des-ormeaux-encourage-la-consommation-de-drogue-et-decime-les-ressources\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le braconnage des ormeaux encourage la consommation de drogue et d\u00e9cime les ressources - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt-dix, une relation de symbiose est apparue entre les braconniers d\u2019ormeaux sud-africains et les syndicats du crime organis\u00e9 chinois, o\u00f9 ces gros escargots de mer sont tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s. Cette relation, qui inclut les bandes criminelles africaines et les trafiquants de stup\u00e9fiants chinois, continue jusqu\u2019\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui. 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