{"id":24442,"date":"2021-06-09T14:22:27","date_gmt":"2021-06-09T18:22:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=24442"},"modified":"2021-06-09T14:22:46","modified_gmt":"2021-06-09T18:22:46","slug":"alors-que-la-menace-extremiste-sembusque-le-benin-se-replie-sur-lui-meme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/06\/alors-que-la-menace-extremiste-sembusque-le-benin-se-replie-sur-lui-meme\/","title":{"rendered":"Alors que la menace extr\u00e9miste s\u2019embusque, le B\u00e9nin se replie sur lui-m\u00eame"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

Lorsque la menace de l\u2019extr\u00e9misme violent s\u00e9vissant au Mali commen\u00e7a \u00e0 se r\u00e9pandre au Niger et au Burkina Faso, les \u00e9tats c\u00f4tiers tels que le B\u00e9nin devinrent la fronti\u00e8re suivante.<\/p>\n

Le 1er mai 2019, la violence s\u2019est manifest\u00e9e \u00e0 cette fronti\u00e8re, lorsque des agresseurs ont enlev\u00e9 deux touristes fran\u00e7ais et assassin\u00e9 leur guide de la faune sauvage dans le parc national de la Pendjari au B\u00e9nin. Les forces fran\u00e7aises bas\u00e9es au Burkina Faso ont plus tard sauv\u00e9 les deux touristes et deux autres civils, un Am\u00e9ricain et un Sud-Cor\u00e9en, dans une op\u00e9ration ayant conduit \u00e0 la mort de deux soldats fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n

Le 10 f\u00e9vrier 2020, des hommes arm\u00e9s de machette et de fusil ont attaqu\u00e9 un poste de police dans le village b\u00e9ninois de M\u00e9krou Djimdjim pr\u00e8s de la fronti\u00e8re avec le Burkina Faso, en assassinant un policier et blessant un autre.<\/p>\n

Ce que craignaient les analystes semblait se r\u00e9aliser\u00a0: l\u2019extr\u00e9misme violent continuait son avanc\u00e9e depuis le Sahel vers les nations c\u00f4ti\u00e8res limitrophes. Le Dr Daniel Eizenga, associ\u00e9 de recherche au Centre africain pour les \u00e9tudes strat\u00e9giques (ACSS), a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 ADF<\/em> que les extr\u00e9mistes du Sahel cherchent \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9largir le champ de bataille\u00a0\u00bb. Les \u00e9tats c\u00f4tiers voisins sont vuln\u00e9rables face \u00e0 cet \u00e9largissement et donnent aux groupes terroristes des opportunit\u00e9s pour exploiter financi\u00e8rement les routes commerciales, telles que celles emprunt\u00e9es par les \u00e9leveurs pour conduire le b\u00e9tail au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L\u2019expansion donne aussi aux militants l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0des attaques de grande \u00e9chelle contre les cibles vuln\u00e9rables\u00a0\u00bb, comme l\u2019attaque perp\u00e9tr\u00e9e en mars 2016 contre le complexe baln\u00e9aire de Grand-Bassam en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire qui a tu\u00e9 19 personnes, d\u00e9clare le Dr Eizenga.<\/p>\n

Alors que ces attaques se produisent, le gouvernement du B\u00e9nin tourne son attention vers les questions de politique interne. Les observateurs d\u00e9clarent que le pr\u00e9sident Patrice Talon, \u00e9lu en 2016, a rapidement commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 affaiblir ses adversaires politiques et la r\u00e9putation du pays comme d\u00e9mocratie forte et \u00e9tablie.<\/p>\n

Lorsqu\u2019il \u00e9tait entr\u00e9 en fonction, le pr\u00e9sident Talon s\u2019\u00e9tait engag\u00e9 \u00e0 ne pas renouveler son mandat, mais il a chang\u00e9 d\u2019avis peu avant que ce mandat expire. Ce faisant, il \u00ab\u00a0a \u00e9limin\u00e9 presque toute possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019opposition l\u00e9gitime\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9crit Tim Hirschel-Burns en avril pour Foreign Policy. L\u2019avocat personnel de M. Talon est devenu chef du Tribunal constitutionnel du pays et un organisme judiciaire cr\u00e9\u00e9 pour combattre la corruption et le terrorisme s\u2019est attaqu\u00e9 aux rivaux politiques du pr\u00e9sident.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9sultat, \u00e9crit le Dr Mark Duerksen de l\u2019ACSS dans l\u2019article du 27 avril 2021 intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement de la d\u00e9mocratie au B\u00e9nin\u00a0\u00bb, a \u00e9t\u00e9 la r\u00e9\u00e9lection de M. Talon le 11 avril, \u00e0 laquelle seulement 26\u00a0% des votants ont particip\u00e9. Bien que 16 observateurs de l\u2019Union africaine et 105 de la Communaut\u00e9 \u00e9conomique des \u00c9tats de l\u2019Afrique de l’Ouest aient lou\u00e9 ce scrutin calme et bien ordonn\u00e9, ce dernier a refl\u00e9t\u00e9 un boycott apr\u00e8s le blocage de toute opposition s\u00e9rieuse.<\/p>\n

L\u2019affaiblissement des institutions judiciaires pr\u00e9pare le terrain pour que les extr\u00e9mistes s\u2019enracinent alors qu\u2019ils font appel aux citoyens d\u00e9saffect\u00e9s et n\u00e9glig\u00e9s, en particulier ceux des r\u00e9gions telles que le Nord du B\u00e9nin qui sont \u00e9loign\u00e9es des \u00e9picentres du gouvernement. Cette formule a \u00e9t\u00e9 cruciale pour transformer le Sahel en foyer de la violence et des troubles extr\u00e9mistes permanents, \u00e9crit le Dr Catherine Lena Kelly, professeur associ\u00e9 de l\u2019ACSS.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est un message puissant\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9crit-elle dans un article du 25 mai intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0La justice et l\u2019\u00e9tat de droit sont cruciaux pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 africaine\u00a0\u00bb. \u00ab\u00a0Les abus des droits humains perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par des acteurs du secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et les perceptions de traitement in\u00e9quitable par les responsables gouvernementaux sont des d\u00e9terminants cl\u00e9s affectant les d\u00e9cisions des personnes pour rejoindre les groupes extr\u00e9mistes violents dans le Sahel, le bassin du lac Tchad et la Corne de l\u2019Afrique.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00c0 un moment crucial o\u00f9 le B\u00e9nin devrait renforcer et \u00e9tendre la port\u00e9e de ses institutions d\u00e9mocratiques, il continue plut\u00f4t sa marche vers un r\u00e9gime autocratique.<\/p>\n

Le B\u00e9nin a essay\u00e9 de jouer un r\u00f4le actif dans le combat contre l\u2019extr\u00e9misme r\u00e9gional. Il participe \u00e0 la Force multinationale mixte aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s du Cameroun, du Niger, du Nigeria et du Tchad contre Boko Haram. Il a aussi form\u00e9 un groupe national appel\u00e9 le Comit\u00e9 de haut niveau pour la lutte contre le terrorisme et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 aux fronti\u00e8res (CLTIF). Mais ce groupe a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour cibler les adversaires politiques de M. Talon, \u00e9crit la chercheuse acad\u00e9mique Christina Cottiero pour The Washington Post<\/em> au mois de mai.<\/p>\n

Il est probable que les extr\u00e9mistes attaqueront les r\u00e9gions d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es du B\u00e9nin pour exploiter la col\u00e8re dirig\u00e9e contre l\u2019inefficacit\u00e9 de la gouvernance. Le Nord du pays par exemple re\u00e7oit moins de ressources gouvernementales que la r\u00e9gion c\u00f4ti\u00e8re. \u00ab\u00a0Au pays voisin du Burkina Faso, des groupes tels qu\u2019Ansarul Islam exploitent les sentiments d\u2019injustice et de ressentiment contre le gouvernement pour radicaliser les gens\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9crit Mme Cottiero.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 mesure que les extr\u00e9mistes continuent \u00e0 \u00e9largir le champ de bataille, il est probable que la violence dans le Nord du B\u00e9nin continuera. La criminalit\u00e9 transfrontali\u00e8re est aussi un probl\u00e8me permanent et on peut anticiper que les terroristes l\u2019exploiteront. L\u2019engagement aupr\u00e8s des populations locales et la pr\u00e9servation des institutions d\u00e9mocratiques seront des \u00e9l\u00e9ments cruciaux pour combattre la propagation de l\u2019extr\u00e9misme violent, selon les observateurs.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La d\u00e9mocratie est non seulement un v\u00e9hicule de gouvernance pour assurer la libert\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 et les droits humains, mais aussi un moyen de faire avancer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, dans le pays et internationalement\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9crit le Dr Duerksen de l\u2019ACSS.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Lorsque la menace de l\u2019extr\u00e9misme violent s\u00e9vissant au Mali commen\u00e7a \u00e0 se r\u00e9pandre au Niger et au Burkina Faso, les \u00e9tats c\u00f4tiers tels que le B\u00e9nin devinrent la fronti\u00e8re suivante. Le 1er mai 2019, la violence s\u2019est manifest\u00e9e \u00e0 cette fronti\u00e8re, lorsque des agresseurs ont enlev\u00e9 deux touristes fran\u00e7ais et assassin\u00e9 leur guide<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24432,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-24442","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAlors que la menace extr\u00e9miste s\u2019embusque, le B\u00e9nin se replie sur lui-m\u00eame - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/06\/alors-que-la-menace-extremiste-sembusque-le-benin-se-replie-sur-lui-meme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Alors que la menace extr\u00e9miste s\u2019embusque, le B\u00e9nin se replie sur lui-m\u00eame - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Lorsque la menace de l\u2019extr\u00e9misme violent s\u00e9vissant au Mali commen\u00e7a \u00e0 se r\u00e9pandre au Niger et au Burkina Faso, les \u00e9tats c\u00f4tiers tels que le B\u00e9nin devinrent la fronti\u00e8re suivante. 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