{"id":23782,"date":"2021-04-28T11:03:25","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T15:03:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=23782"},"modified":"2021-04-28T11:03:41","modified_gmt":"2021-04-28T15:03:41","slug":"les-filets-derivants-illegaux-deciment-la-faune-aquatique-dans-locean-indien-occidental","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/les-filets-derivants-illegaux-deciment-la-faune-aquatique-dans-locean-indien-occidental\/","title":{"rendered":"Les filets d\u00e9rivants ill\u00e9gaux d\u00e9ciment la faune aquatique dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien occidental"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

Un gros chalutier illumine les eaux profondes de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien occidental avec ses \u00e9normes lampes de stade.<\/p>\n

L\u2019objet de ces feux est d\u2019attirer le thon et le calmar, mais le chalutier utilise des filets d\u00e9rivants ill\u00e9gaux, interdits depuis trente ans par les Nations unies, et ces filets attrapent des requins et des raies mantas \u00e0 environ 800 km de la c\u00f4te somalienne. Les filets d\u00e9rivants sont suspendus verticalement \u00e0 partir de dispositifs de flottaison tir\u00e9s par les bateaux de p\u00eache et peuvent ramasser d\u2019\u00e9normes quantit\u00e9s de faune aquatique.<\/p>\n

Vers la mi-avril, Greenpeace a publi\u00e9 un rapport sur l\u2019utilisation des filets d\u00e9rivants apr\u00e8s avoir pass\u00e9 deux semaines \u00e0 traquer des navires de p\u00eache dans la r\u00e9gion. Pendant son investigation, Greenpeace a constat\u00e9 sept bateaux qui tiraient deux colonnes de filets d\u00e9rivants de plus de 34 km de long et a document\u00e9 plus de 100 navires de p\u00eache au calmar dans la r\u00e9gion, sans r\u00e9glementation internationale.<\/p>\n

Will McCallum, directeur des oc\u00e9ans pour Greenpeace UK, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 dans une vid\u00e9o produite par le journal The Straits Times<\/em> de Singapour\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Nous ne nous attendions pas au grand nombre [de chalutiers] que nous avons pu voir pendant la nuit. Ils p\u00eachent \u00e0 cette \u00e9chelle incroyable et c\u2019est vraiment surprenant de constater que nous savons tr\u00e8s peu sur la fa\u00e7on dont ils p\u00eachent.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
GREENPEACE<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L\u2019utilisation de filets d\u00e9rivants menace les stocks de poissons d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Est, qui sont particuli\u00e8rement bas au large des c\u00f4tes du Kenya, du Mozambique et de la Tanzanie. <\/em>La perte de poissons est une cause de l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et menace la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019emploi de ceux qui travaillent dans des activit\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la p\u00eache.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nous avons d\u00e9couvert que la prise de poissons a d\u00e9clin\u00e9 en Afrique au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, de l\u2019ordre d\u2019un million de tonnes par an, et\u2026 une grande partie de ce d\u00e9clin en Afrique de l\u2019Est est due au d\u00e9clin des stocks de poissons\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Tim McClanahan, auteur d\u2019un article de 2020 publi\u00e9 dans le journal Marine Ecology Progress Series<\/em>, \u00e0 sciencedaily.com.
\n<\/em>
\nComme le chalut de fond, dans lequel des filets sont tra\u00een\u00e9s au fond de l\u2019oc\u00e9an et attrapent plus de 20\u00a0% de la faune et de la flore de fond \u00e0 chaque passe, l\u2019utilisation des filets d\u00e9rivants se traduit souvent par une prise accessoire de poissons ind\u00e9sirables. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, la prise accessoire est rejet\u00e9e dans l\u2019eau, les poissons \u00e9tant morts ou sur le point de mourir. C\u2019est une pratique de gaspillage en Afrique de l\u2019Est, qui selon Greenpeace est l\u2019une des zones de p\u00eache les plus \u00e9cologiquement vuln\u00e9rables du monde.<\/p>\n

Environ le tiers des populations de poissons \u00e9valu\u00e9es dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien occidental sont surexploit\u00e9es, selon Greenpeace.<\/p>\n

En 2016, Sea Shepherd Global a suivi six vaisseaux de p\u00eache chinois dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien. L\u2019un d\u2019entre eux abandonna un filet d\u00e9rivant de 4 km dans l\u2019eau lorsque le navire de Sea Shepherd s\u2019approcha. Sur une p\u00e9riode de deux jours, l\u2019\u00e9quipage de Sea Shepherd a r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 le filet d\u00e9rivant abandonn\u00e9 \u00e0 son bord et a pu lib\u00e9rer 18 requins vivants pour les renvoyer dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an.<\/p>\n

Toutefois, les carcasses de 321 animaux morts ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9es dans le filet, y compris des requins, des dauphins, des petits poissons p\u00e9lagiques, des thons et des espadons.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les filets d\u00e9rivants sont particuli\u00e8rement nuisibles parce qu\u2019ils tuent sans discrimination\u00a0; ce sont des rideaux de la mort invisibles qui attrapent toute la faune marine qui nage aveugl\u00e9ment vers eux\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Peter Hammarstedt, directeur des campagnes de Sea Shepherd, \u00e0 ADF<\/em> dans un e-mail.<\/p>\n

Le rapport de Greenpeace demande aux gouvernements de mieux mettre \u00e0 ex\u00e9cution l\u2019interdiction des filets d\u00e9rivants, et aux leaders mondiaux d\u2019inverser la tendance de la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale et du d\u00e9clin des stocks de poissons en signant un trait\u00e9 mondial sur les oc\u00e9ans par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire de l\u2019ONU.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ce trait\u00e9 historique peut cr\u00e9er des outils pour faire marche arri\u00e8re en ce qui concerne la destruction des oc\u00e9ans et pour ressusciter les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins, en prot\u00e9geant les esp\u00e8ces d\u2019une valeur inestimable et en soutenant les communaut\u00e9s c\u00f4ti\u00e8res pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. McCallum dans une annonce de presse.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Un gros chalutier illumine les eaux profondes de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien occidental avec ses \u00e9normes lampes de stade. 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