{"id":23480,"date":"2021-04-14T13:37:41","date_gmt":"2021-04-14T17:37:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=23480"},"modified":"2021-04-14T13:37:41","modified_gmt":"2021-04-14T17:37:41","slug":"la-violence-dans-le-canal-du-mozambique-menace-la-navigation-et-la-stabilite-regionale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/la-violence-dans-le-canal-du-mozambique-menace-la-navigation-et-la-stabilite-regionale\/","title":{"rendered":"La violence dans le canal du Mozambique menace la navigation et la stabilit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u2019horrible si\u00e8ge de deux semaines \u00e0 Palma, ville portuaire \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 Nord du canal du Mozambique, a choqu\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion et suscit\u00e9 des demandes d\u2019intervention internationale. Le groupe terroriste Ansar al-Sunna (sympathisants de la tradition) a revendiqu\u00e9 la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019attaque qui a caus\u00e9 60 morts, y compris des enfants.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 partir du 4 avril, Palma \u00e9tait de nouveau sous le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019\u00c9tat, mais les dommages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 graves.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La population rentre chez elle mais ils n\u2019ont rien \u00e0 manger parce que les terroristes ont pill\u00e9 \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s tout\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 Palma Agostinho Muthisse, commandant militaire mozambicain, \u00e0 des journalistes.<\/p>\n

Cette attaque illustre les raisons pour lesquelles le canal du Mozambique est devenu un point sensible de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 maritime dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien occidental. Ce canal est une voie navigable de 1.600 km de long entre Madagascar et l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Est, avec 30\u00a0% environ du trafic mondial des navires p\u00e9troliers.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Vue satellitaire du canal du Mozambique NASA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 maritime insuffisante dans le canal laisse d\u2019importantes villes c\u00f4ti\u00e8res vuln\u00e9rables aux menaces maritimes, au Mozambique et dans d\u2019autres pays, notamment Djibouti, le Kenya et la Tanzanie, ainsi que les \u00e9tats insulaires de Maurice et des Seychelles. Ansar al-Sunna, appel\u00e9 al-Shebab par les gens locaux, bien qu\u2019il ne soit pas affili\u00e9 au groupe bas\u00e9 en Somalie, a aussi saisi deux fois la ville portuaire strat\u00e9gique de Moc\u00edmboa da Praia, \u00e0 environ 80 km au Sud de Palma, en 2017 et 2020.<\/p>\n

Cette s\u00e9curit\u00e9 insuffisante offre aussi des opportunit\u00e9s pour que les groupes terroristes se d\u00e9veloppent, financent leurs op\u00e9rations et perturbent d\u2019\u00e9normes projets d\u2019exploitation gazi\u00e8re. \u00c0 la suite de l\u2019attaque de Palma, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 p\u00e9troli\u00e8re Total a arr\u00eat\u00e9 la construction d\u2019une usine de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le Dr David Brewster \u00e9crit pour la S\u00e9rie de strat\u00e9gie du bassin Indopacifique\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019insurrection au Mozambique pourrait d\u00e9stabiliser l\u2019Afrique australe et inciter les islamistes dans toute la r\u00e9gion. \u2026 Si le conflit n\u2019est pas contenu, le vide qui en r\u00e9sultera sera combl\u00e9 par d\u2019autres acteurs.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

La piraterie, la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale et les op\u00e9rations de contrebande prosp\u00e8rent sur le canal depuis des d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n

Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la route commerciale a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e pour le trafic d\u2019h\u00e9ro\u00efne entre l\u2019Afghanistan et le Mozambique le long des c\u00f4tes africaines. Ce trafic est un m\u00e9canisme majeur de financement pour les insurg\u00e9s. L\u2019h\u00e9ro\u00efne est ensuite exp\u00e9di\u00e9e en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral vers l\u2019Europe et d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions, selon un rapport sur The Interpreter, un site g\u00e9r\u00e9 par le Lowy Institute. La m\u00e9thamph\u00e9tamine cristalline produite en Afghanistan est aussi de plus en plus achemin\u00e9e sur le canal.<\/p>\n

Des groupes provenant des communaut\u00e9s musulmanes sur la c\u00f4te Est de l\u2019Afrique ont lanc\u00e9 l\u2019insurrection en 2017. Depuis lors, les observateurs d\u00e9clarent que les insurg\u00e9s de Cabo Delgado ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 une plus grande expertise pour ex\u00e9cuter les attaques maritimes.<\/p>\n

<\/em>Les inqui\u00e9tudes concernant la piraterie ont conduit le Mozambique \u00e0 accepter l\u2019assistance de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u2019autres pays, notamment la Marine d\u2019Afrique du Sud qui combat les menaces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 maritime dans le canal depuis 2011.<\/p>\n

Quelques jours avant l\u2019attaque de Palma, la Marine sud-africaine a annonc\u00e9 des plans pour augmenter les patrouilles anti-piraterie dans le canal jusqu\u2019en mars 2023, selon le journal sud-africain Sunday Times<\/em>. Le gouvernement des \u00c9tats-Unis a aussi d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 des forces des op\u00e9rations sp\u00e9ciales au Mozambique pour former ses fusiliers marins aux techniques anti-terroristes.<\/p>\n

Le Mozambique n\u00e9gocie avec la France, d\u2019autres pays europ\u00e9ens et l\u2019Inde concernant la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019un soutien militaire, y compris des patrouilles en mer.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nous pouvons trouver autant de solutions et de recommandations que nous voulons\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l\u2019analyste de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 Jasmine Opperman l\u2019an dernier lors d\u2019un webinaire sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 maritime organis\u00e9 par l\u2019Institut pour les \u00e9tudes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en Afrique. \u00ab\u00a0On ne peut pas nier que c\u2019est un risque r\u00e9gional, mais c\u2019est un probl\u00e8me mozambicain qui n\u00e9cessite une solution mozambicaine.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Depuis 2017, les groupes terroristes dans le Nord du Mozambique ont lanc\u00e9 plus de 800 attaques, causant au moins 2.600 morts et la fuite de plus de 600.000 personnes.<\/p>\n

<\/em>Mme Opperman affirme qu\u2019il est grand temps de faire face au probl\u00e8me, en disant \u00e0 la cha\u00eene sud-africaine Eyewitness News que toute la r\u00e9gion \u00ab\u00a0aurait d\u00fb \u00eatre concern\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb par l\u2019insurrection au Mozambique \u00ab\u00a0depuis longtemps, pour \u00eatre tout \u00e0 fait franche.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0Ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9 au Mozambique est seulement une autre indication de la sophistication des insurg\u00e9s, de leur effronterie pour s\u2019approcher du site [de gaz naturel]\u00a0\u00bb pr\u00e8s de Palma, d\u00e9clare Mme Opperman. \u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est une insurrection qui ne peut pas \u00eatre estim\u00e9e, et ne doit pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e et minimis\u00e9e, comme un risque seulement pour le Mozambique\u00a0: c\u2019est aussi un risque pour la r\u00e9gion.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF L\u2019horrible si\u00e8ge de deux semaines \u00e0 Palma, ville portuaire \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 Nord du canal du Mozambique, a choqu\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion et suscit\u00e9 des demandes d\u2019intervention internationale. Le groupe terroriste Ansar al-Sunna (sympathisants de la tradition) a revendiqu\u00e9 la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019attaque qui a caus\u00e9 60 morts, y compris des enfants. \u00c0 partir du<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23462,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-23480","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa violence dans le canal du Mozambique menace la navigation et la stabilit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/04\/la-violence-dans-le-canal-du-mozambique-menace-la-navigation-et-la-stabilite-regionale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La violence dans le canal du Mozambique menace la navigation et la stabilit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF L\u2019horrible si\u00e8ge de deux semaines \u00e0 Palma, ville portuaire \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 Nord du canal du Mozambique, a choqu\u00e9 la r\u00e9gion et suscit\u00e9 des demandes d\u2019intervention internationale. 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