{"id":22257,"date":"2021-02-24T17:12:24","date_gmt":"2021-02-24T22:12:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=22257"},"modified":"2021-02-25T09:25:25","modified_gmt":"2021-02-25T14:25:25","slug":"un-systeme-radar-renforce-les-efforts-de-protection-de-la-foret-humide-au-congo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/02\/un-systeme-radar-renforce-les-efforts-de-protection-de-la-foret-humide-au-congo\/","title":{"rendered":"Un syst\u00e8me radar renforce les efforts de protection de la for\u00eat humide au Congo"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

Le bassin du Congo, qui abrite la deuxi\u00e8me for\u00eat humide du monde, joue un r\u00f4le crucial dans la biodiversit\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te, la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau et la r\u00e9gulation de la quantit\u00e9 de carbone dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Tous ces avantages sont menac\u00e9s. Seulement en 2019, pr\u00e8s de 7.000 kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s de for\u00eat ont disparu dans la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC). Un grand nombre de facteurs provoquent la d\u00e9forestation, depuis la culture traditionnelle sur br\u00fblis jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re et l\u2019abattage ill\u00e9gal des arbres. La construction de l\u2019autoroute transafricaine entre Lagos et Mombasa a aussi ouvert au d\u00e9veloppement des sections jadis inaccessibles de la for\u00eat humide au Cameroun et au Nigeria.<\/p>\n

Autrefois, la surveillance de la d\u00e9forestation d\u00e9pendait des observations visuelles par photos satellitaires. Les nuages \u00e9pais obscurcissaient l\u2019observation de la for\u00eat depuis l\u2019espace pendant une grande partie de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, ce qui compliquait la r\u00e9ponse rapide pour interrompre la destruction. Les b\u00fbcherons ill\u00e9gaux le savaient bien et effectuaient la plupart de leurs basses \u0153uvres pendant la saison des pluies.<\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, les chercheurs et les d\u00e9fenseurs de la for\u00eat peuvent utiliser une combinaison de radars satellitaires, d\u2019applis de smartphone et d\u2019observations sur le terrain pour obtenir des images claires, localiser les changements les plus minimes de la for\u00eat humide d\u2019une semaine \u00e0 l\u2019autre et prendre des mesures pour stopper les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Ces images RADD (Radar for Detecting Deforestation) montrent les points sensibles de d\u00e9forestation dans une portion du bassin du Congo. APPLIS DU MOTEUR DE GOOGLE EARTH<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le d\u00e9veloppement de RADD (Radar for Detecting Deforestation, radar pour la d\u00e9tection de la d\u00e9forestation) par l\u2019universit\u00e9 du Maryland (\u00c9tats-Unis) et l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Wageningue (Pays-Bas) a donn\u00e9 davantage d\u2019atouts \u00e0 ceux qui luttent pour pr\u00e9server la for\u00eat humide.<\/p>\n

Le syst\u00e8me \u00e9met des alertes publiquement disponibles aux abonn\u00e9s lorsque la d\u00e9forestation appara\u00eet. Des images satellitaires hebdomadaires du satellite Sentinel-1 de l\u2019Agence spatiale europ\u00e9enne capturent les changements de l\u2019ordre de 100 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s, ce qui permet aux chercheurs et aux groupes de conservation tels que Global Forest Watch du World Resources Institute d\u2019identifier les changements dans la for\u00eat presque au moment o\u00f9 ils se produisent.<\/p>\n

Le syst\u00e8me RADD couvre le bassin du Congo, y compris le Cameroun, le Gabon, la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, la RDC et la R\u00e9publique du Congo.<\/p>\n

La nouvelle technologie bas\u00e9e sur radar s\u2019ajoute \u00e0 d\u2019autres technologies, telles que l\u2019appli de smartphone Forest Watcher, pour documenter les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales.<\/p>\n

Une r\u00e9cente \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans Nature Climate Change<\/em> montre que les alertes provenant du syst\u00e8me satellitaire Global Land Analysis and Discovery de Global Forest Watch aident les pays du bassin du Congo \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de 18\u00a0%, compar\u00e9 \u00e0 la moyenne pour la p\u00e9riode de 2011 \u00e0 2016.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Cette r\u00e9duction en Afrique est plus importante dans les r\u00e9gions prot\u00e9g\u00e9es et les concessions, ce qui sugg\u00e8re que les alertes am\u00e9liorent la capacit\u00e9 de mise en application des politiques de d\u00e9forestation existantes ou encouragent le d\u00e9veloppement de politiques anti-d\u00e9forestation plus efficaces\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9crivent les auteurs de l\u2019\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n

Un exemple en est l\u2019Ouganda, o\u00f9 Global Forest Watch et l\u2019institut Jane Goodall ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 l\u2019appli Forest Watcher pour documenter la d\u00e9forestation. La technologie a aid\u00e9 un garde forestier de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 ougandaise des for\u00eats nationales \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 une exploitation ill\u00e9gale d\u2019abattage.<\/p>\n

Lilian Pintea, vice-pr\u00e9sidente de la science de la conservation \u00e0 l\u2019institut Jane Goodall, d\u00e9clare\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Il a pu d\u00e9couvrir une exploitation ill\u00e9gale d\u2019abattage de grande envergure sous le couvert des arbres, sous le couvert forestier. Il a pu prendre une photo et localiser le lieu. Ces informations sauvegard\u00e9es dans son appareil mobile ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es comme preuves devant les tribunaux et nous avons pu proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019arrestation des abatteurs.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

M\u00eame avec l\u2019aide de la technologie telle que le syst\u00e8me RADD, les conservationnistes luttent contre une menace constante pesant sur la for\u00eat humide et provenant du d\u00e9veloppement industriel et de l\u2019abattage.<\/p>\n

Le nombre de chemins forestiers qui traversent le bassin du Congo a augment\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, ce qui encourage l\u2019abattage l\u00e9gal et ill\u00e9gal, mais aussi la culture du cacao et d\u2019autres activit\u00e9s dans le bassin.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Lorsque vous construisez une nouvelle route, vous obtenez deux ou trois fois plus de d\u00e9forestation en RDC que partout ailleurs dans le bassin du Congo\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare le professeur Bill Laurance de l\u2019universit\u00e9 australienne James Cook \u00e0 Science Daily. Le professeur Laurance travaille en Afrique depuis plus de dix ans et a cartographi\u00e9 le r\u00e9seau routier complet de la RDC en utilisant l\u2019imagerie satellitaire.<\/p>\n

Depuis 2003, le syst\u00e8me routier de la RDC a augment\u00e9 de 60\u00a0% pour atteindre 233.000 kilom\u00e8tres, selon ses recherches.<\/p>\n

Le gouvernement de la RDC s\u2019est engag\u00e9 \u00e0 accro\u00eetre l\u2019abattage des arbres. En 2018, il a lou\u00e9 650.000 hectares de for\u00eat humide \u00e0 des entreprises chinoises d\u2019exploitation foresti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Et ce n\u2019est que le sommet de l\u2019iceberg\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare le professeur Laurance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Le bassin du Congo, qui abrite la deuxi\u00e8me for\u00eat humide du monde, joue un r\u00f4le crucial dans la biodiversit\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te, la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau et la r\u00e9gulation de la quantit\u00e9 de carbone dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Tous ces avantages sont menac\u00e9s. Seulement en 2019, pr\u00e8s de 7.000 kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s de for\u00eat ont disparu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22254,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-22257","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUn syst\u00e8me radar renforce les efforts de protection de la for\u00eat humide au Congo - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/02\/un-systeme-radar-renforce-les-efforts-de-protection-de-la-foret-humide-au-congo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un syst\u00e8me radar renforce les efforts de protection de la for\u00eat humide au Congo - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Le bassin du Congo, qui abrite la deuxi\u00e8me for\u00eat humide du monde, joue un r\u00f4le crucial dans la biodiversit\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te, la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau et la r\u00e9gulation de la quantit\u00e9 de carbone dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Tous ces avantages sont menac\u00e9s. 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