{"id":21953,"date":"2021-02-05T07:30:21","date_gmt":"2021-02-05T12:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=21953"},"modified":"2021-02-05T10:08:35","modified_gmt":"2021-02-05T15:08:35","slug":"les-defenseurs-de-la-liberte-dexpression-avertissent-des-dangers-lies-aux-coupures-de-linternet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2021\/02\/les-defenseurs-de-la-liberte-dexpression-avertissent-des-dangers-lies-aux-coupures-de-linternet\/","title":{"rendered":"Les d\u00e9fenseurs de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression avertissent des dangers li\u00e9s aux coupures de l\u2019Internet"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

Les censures des r\u00e9seaux sociaux et les coupures de l\u2019Internet sont de plus en plus fr\u00e9quentes en Afrique. Au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, au moins 15 pays africains ont suspendu l\u2019Internet pendant des p\u00e9riodes d\u2019\u00e9lection, de manifestation ou de crise. Les coupures peuvent durer de quelques jours \u00e0 quelques mois, ce qui provoque en m\u00eame temps une s\u00e9rie de probl\u00e8mes pour ces pays.<\/p>\n

Les responsables gouvernementaux d\u00e9clarent que ces coupures sont n\u00e9cessaires pour pr\u00e9server la coh\u00e9sion sociale. Les d\u00e9fenseurs de l\u2019Internet l\u2019appellent censure.<\/p>\n

Oluwatomiwa Ilori, chercheur au Centre pour les droits humains d\u2019Afrique du Sud, d\u00e9clare \u00e0 ADF<\/em>\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les coupures de l\u2019Internet pendant les \u00e9lections signifient simplement que certains pays africains sont incapables de conduire des \u00e9lections libres et \u00e9quitables. Les coupures perp\u00e9tuent l\u2019autoritarisme.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Un exemple en est la coupure qui s\u2019est produite dans l\u2019Ouganda en janvier dernier, avant les \u00e9lections.<\/p>\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Yoweri Museveni briguait un sixi\u00e8me mandat contre le chanteur de musique pop et membre du parlement Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu, commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9 par son nom de sc\u00e8ne de Bobi Wine, qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiait d\u2019un soutien robuste parmi les jeunes. La nuit pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant les \u00e9lections du 14 janvier dans le pays, l\u2019Internet a \u00e9t\u00e9 coup\u00e9, ce qui a mis fin \u00e0 la possibilit\u00e9 de mobiliser les \u00e9lecteurs pour les partisans de Bobi Wine.<\/p>\n

Selon le groupe de surveillance de l\u2019Internet Access Now, les coupures de l\u2019Internet en Afrique ont augment\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, de 12 en 2017 \u00e0 25 en 2019. En 2020, d\u2019autres coupures se sont produites en Alg\u00e9rie, au Burundi, en \u00c9thiopie, en Guin\u00e9e, en Somalie, en Tanzanie, au Tchad et au Togo. Les coupures sont fr\u00e9quemment li\u00e9es \u00e0 des manifestations ou des \u00e9lections.<\/p>\n

Bien que les coupures de l\u2019Internet aient fr\u00e9quemment des origines politiques, elles ont de plus vastes r\u00e9percussions en arr\u00eatant le commerce, l\u2019\u00e9ducation et les communications non politiques. C\u2019est particuli\u00e8rement vrai aujourd\u2019hui, alors que la pand\u00e9mie du Covid-19 rend l\u2019Internet essentiel pour la vie quotidienne.<\/p>\n

En 2020, les coupures ont fait perdre aux pays africains pr\u00e8s de 250 millions de dollars en termes d\u2019activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques, dont pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 en \u00c9thiopie seulement, selon Top10VPN, un groupe de d\u00e9fense de l\u2019Internet.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les pertes \u00e9conomiques dues \u00e0 une perturbation de l\u2019Internet continuent bien au-del\u00e0 du nombre de jours pendant lesquels la perturbation se produit\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Juliet Nanfuka, analyste des droits num\u00e9riques chez la Collaboration sur la politique internationale ICT pour l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Est et l\u2019Afrique australe, \u00e0 ADF<\/em>. Les coupures compromettent les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement et cr\u00e9ent des probl\u00e8mes qui se font sentir dans toutes les activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques, d\u00e9clare-t-elle.<\/p>\n

Avec une seule passerelle Internet d\u00e9tenue par le gouvernement, les autorit\u00e9s \u00e9thiopiennes ont un contr\u00f4le presque total de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019Internet par les citoyens. Tout r\u00e9cemment, les autorit\u00e9s ont bloqu\u00e9 les informations sur les combats dans la r\u00e9gion du Tigr\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Berhan Taye, analyste principal de politique chez Access Now, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u00c0 l\u2019avenir, le gouvernement \u00e9thiopien devra trouver des solutions durables et \u00e9quitables aux facteurs qui provoquent une violence et un traumatisme p\u00e9riodiques et g\u00e9n\u00e9rationnels dans le pays.\u00a0Couper l\u2019Internet n\u2019est pas une approche constructive ou appropri\u00e9e pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces probl\u00e8mes p\u00e9riodiques en \u00c9thiopie.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Selon M. Ilori, les coupures de l\u2019Internet r\u00e9v\u00e8lent les progr\u00e8s r\u00e9els vers la d\u00e9mocratie, enregistr\u00e9s par des nations africaines sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Pour beaucoup, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019Internet est, en plus d\u2019un nom, une technologie qui permet tout simplement de se connecter, d\u00e9clare M. Ilori \u00e0 ADF<\/em>. C\u2019est aussi un verbe\u00a0: cr\u00e9er activement des opportunit\u00e9s pour les troubles politiques de temps \u00e0 autre. C\u2019est ce que les tyrannies ne veulent pas.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Alors que les nations africaines adoptent la technologie chinoise des communications et de la surveillance, les d\u00e9fenseurs des droits civiques du continent avertissent qu\u2019elles adoptent aussi les tactiques chinoises pour dissimuler les informations.<\/p>\n

Il y un an, le Dr Li Wenliang est devenu l\u2019une des premi\u00e8res victimes connues du Covid-19 dans le monde. Mais auparavant, il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 victime des efforts chinois pour dissimuler la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 sur la maladie respiratoire mortelle qui se propagerait bient\u00f4t aux quatre coins du monde.<\/p>\n

Le 30 d\u00e9cembre 2019, le Dr Li, ophtalmologue de Wuhan, a averti ses coll\u00e8gues m\u00e9decins dans une salle de chat pour qu\u2019ils se prot\u00e8gent de cette maladie respiratoire mortelle qui se propageait dans son h\u00f4pital.<\/p>\n

Les autorit\u00e9s locales ont bient\u00f4t ordonn\u00e9 au Dr Li de se rendre au Bureau de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 publique et l\u2019ont forc\u00e9 \u00e0 signer une confession selon laquelle il avait fait de fausses d\u00e9clarations et perturb\u00e9 l\u2019ordre social. Dans son dernier message sur le service de messagerie chinois Weibo le 1er f\u00e9vrier 2020, le Dr Li confirma qu\u2019il \u00e9tait infect\u00e9 par le Covid-19. Il est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 moins d\u2019une semaine apr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s son d\u00e9c\u00e8s, les censeurs du gouvernement ont \u00e9limin\u00e9 les messages en ligne qui exigeaient la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression concernant les crises de sant\u00e9 publique, selon un reportage de CNN. Ceci aurait pu faire craindre aux gens de parler du virus ou de transmettre des informations.<\/p>\n

Paul Gardner \u00e9crit pour le site Web appel\u00e9 The Conversation\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Il est impossible de savoir combien de personnes sont d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9es, ou combien pourraient l\u2019\u00eatre \u00e0 l\u2019avenir, parce que les gens ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de s\u2019autocensurer, plut\u00f4t que de risquer d\u2019\u00eatre punis. L\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie du coronavirus souligne les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me qui place la stabilit\u00e9 sociale et la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 du parti au pouvoir avant l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat public.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Les censures des r\u00e9seaux sociaux et les coupures de l\u2019Internet sont de plus en plus fr\u00e9quentes en Afrique. Au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, au moins 15 pays africains ont suspendu l\u2019Internet pendant des p\u00e9riodes d\u2019\u00e9lection, de manifestation ou de crise. Les coupures peuvent durer de quelques jours \u00e0 quelques mois, ce qui<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21950,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21953","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes d\u00e9fenseurs de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression avertissent des dangers li\u00e9s aux coupures de l\u2019Internet - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/2021\/02\/free-speech-advocates-warn-of-internet-blackout-dangers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les d\u00e9fenseurs de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression avertissent des dangers li\u00e9s aux coupures de l\u2019Internet - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Les censures des r\u00e9seaux sociaux et les coupures de l\u2019Internet sont de plus en plus fr\u00e9quentes en Afrique. 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