{"id":20478,"date":"2020-12-29T17:07:18","date_gmt":"2020-12-29T22:07:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=20478"},"modified":"2020-12-29T17:08:16","modified_gmt":"2020-12-29T22:08:16","slug":"lespoir-et-le-peril-de-survivre-al-shebab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2020\/12\/lespoir-et-le-peril-de-survivre-al-shebab\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019espoir et le p\u00e9ril de survivre al-Shebab"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

Abdoul \u00e9tait accabl\u00e9 par la peur lorsqu\u2019il d\u00e9cida de quitter le groupe extr\u00e9miste al-Shebab.<\/p>\n

Mais il avait un plan, et un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone. Sa famille trouva une personne de confiance pour l\u2019amener dans un refuge.<\/p>\n

Abdoul, qui utilise un pseudonyme pour raison de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, d\u00e9clare \u00e0 la BBC\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Au d\u00e9but, je marchais pendant la nuit, avec les pieds pleins d\u2019\u00e9pines. J\u2019\u00e9tais p\u00e9trifi\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre arr\u00eat\u00e9 et renvoyer \u00e0 une mort certaine, par ex\u00e9cution dans un lieu public.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est le sort que r\u00e9serve al-Shebab aux d\u00e9serteurs.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Le refuge fait partie du programme somalien de r\u00e9habilitation des d\u00e9serteurs (DRP), qui pourrait fournir au pays le meilleur espoir d\u2019\u00e9teindre les flammes de l\u2019extr\u00e9misme islamiste.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le programme national de r\u00e9habilitation donne une autre chance aux ex-combattants des groupes extr\u00e9mistes tels qu\u2019al-Shebab, en leur permettant d\u2019exprimer leurs regrets et de demander pardon\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 il y a un an Mohamed Ali Hussein, directeur du DRP, lors d\u2019une formation pour les responsables gouvernementaux charg\u00e9s du programme.<\/p>\n

Al-Shebab est un groupe d\u2019insurg\u00e9s associ\u00e9 \u00e0 al-Qa\u00efda, dont les effectifs sont estim\u00e9s entre 7.000 et 9.000 combattants, beaucoup d\u2019entre eux ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 recrut\u00e9s ou enlev\u00e9s lorsqu\u2019ils \u00e9taient enfants. Le groupe a enregistr\u00e9 une diminution de son influence et du terrain qu\u2019il d\u00e9tient en Somalie, ce qui s\u2019accompagne d\u2019une d\u00e9sillusion et de d\u00e9fections.<\/p>\n

Le DRP, \u00e9tabli en 2012, est structur\u00e9 en cinq parties\u00a0: sensibilisation, r\u00e9ception, filtrage, r\u00e9habilitation et r\u00e9int\u00e9gration. C\u2019est un programme de quatre mois sur la r\u00e9\u00e9ducation islamique, les conseils de trauma et la formation sur les aptitudes professionnelles.<\/p>\n

Il existe neuf centres de r\u00e9habilitation en Somalie, financ\u00e9s ou g\u00e9r\u00e9s par des organisations internationales en partenariat avec le minist\u00e8re de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure, qui offrent des programmes pour aider les d\u00e9serteurs \u00e0 se r\u00e9int\u00e9grer dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le programme est surtout destin\u00e9 aux membres d\u2019al-Shebab de bas niveau, qui pr\u00e9sentent des risques faibles. Il sert \u00e0 saper le pouvoir et la capacit\u00e9 de l\u2019insurrection. Les d\u00e9serteurs pr\u00e9sentant un risque plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 sont tr\u00e8s probablement la cible de repr\u00e9sailles violentes et finissent en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pas compara\u00eetre devant les tribunaux militaires.<\/p>\n

Chaque \u00e9tape du programme pr\u00e9sente des dangers pour le personnel et les participants, parce que l\u2019Amniyat, service de renseignement d\u2019al-Shebab, est r\u00e9put\u00e9 traquer les anciens membres et leur famille.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Al-Shebab m\u2019appelle au t\u00e9l\u00e9phone\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare \u00e0 la BBC un autre participant au programme. Pendant six ans, il \u00e9tait un combattant du groupe. \u00ab\u00a0J\u2019essaierai de dispara\u00eetre dans une grande ville comme Mogadiscio ou Baidoa, mais j\u2019ai peur qu\u2019ils me d\u00e9couvriront. Je serai en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 seulement si je vais en Europe ou dans le golfe.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Certains membres du programme de r\u00e9habilitation ne reviennent jamais dans leur village parce qu\u2019ils ont peur. D\u2019autres sont rejet\u00e9s par la communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9fi li\u00e9 au commencement d\u2019une nouvelle vie provoque souvent des difficult\u00e9s, mais le programme fournit des emplois ou des opportunit\u00e9s de travail, et dans certains cas une aide financi\u00e8re ou une assistance pour d\u00e9m\u00e9nager.<\/p>\n

Le gouvernement estime que 2.000 d\u00e9serteurs ont suivi le programme de r\u00e9habilitation en d\u00e9cembre 2017. Il affirme que personne n\u2019est retourn\u00e9 vers al-Shebab apr\u00e8s avoir fini le programme.<\/p>\n

Pour beaucoup de membres de l\u2019insurrection de bas niveau, comme Samir (autre pseudonyme), l\u2019argent et la survie sont les pr\u00e9occupations principales.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0J\u2019\u00e9tais un ado lorsque je les ai rejoint, d\u00e9clare-t-il \u00e0 la BBC. J\u2019avais de bons r\u00e9sultats dans les sciences. Al-Shebab m\u2019a dit que je pouvais les aider comme membre de leur \u00e9quipe m\u00e9dicale. Je n\u2019ai pas os\u00e9 refuser, et j\u2019avais besoin d\u2019argent. Ils m\u2019ont pay\u00e9 70 dollars par mois.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Samir a re\u00e7u 250 dollars lorsqu\u2019il est parti du centre DRP pour aller au coll\u00e8ge et ouvrir une petite pharmacie.<\/p>\n

Il d\u00e9clare \u00e0 la BBC\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Je vends aussi des cr\u00e8mes glac\u00e9es. Chaque jour, j\u2019ai peur qu\u2019al-Shebab ne vienne me pourchasser.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Abdoul \u00e9tait accabl\u00e9 par la peur lorsqu\u2019il d\u00e9cida de quitter le groupe extr\u00e9miste al-Shebab. Mais il avait un plan, et un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone. Sa famille trouva une personne de confiance pour l\u2019amener dans un refuge. Abdoul, qui utilise un pseudonyme pour raison de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, d\u00e9clare \u00e0 la BBC\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Au d\u00e9but, je marchais pendant la<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20475,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-20478","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019espoir et le p\u00e9ril de survivre al-Shebab - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2020\/12\/lespoir-et-le-peril-de-survivre-al-shebab\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019espoir et le p\u00e9ril de survivre al-Shebab - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Abdoul \u00e9tait accabl\u00e9 par la peur lorsqu\u2019il d\u00e9cida de quitter le groupe extr\u00e9miste al-Shebab. 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