{"id":19187,"date":"2020-11-24T16:15:47","date_gmt":"2020-11-24T21:15:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=19187"},"modified":"2020-11-24T16:16:09","modified_gmt":"2020-11-24T21:16:09","slug":"le-mozambique-demande-aux-preteurs-chinois-un-allegement-de-ses-dettes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2020\/11\/le-mozambique-demande-aux-preteurs-chinois-un-allegement-de-ses-dettes\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Mozambique demande aux pr\u00eateurs chinois un all\u00e8gement de ses dettes"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

Le Mozambique rejoint la liste croissante des pays africains qui recherchent, mais re\u00e7oivent rarement, un all\u00e8gement des dettes accablantes d\u00e9tenues par les pr\u00eateurs chinois.<\/p>\n

Adriano Maleiane, ministre de l\u2019\u00c9conomie et des Finances du Mozambique, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 lors de la r\u00e9union annuelle de la Banque mondiale conduite virtuellement en octobre\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Nous avons travaill\u00e9 avec nos cr\u00e9anciers bilat\u00e9raux et nous attendons simplement leur d\u00e9cision. Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, nous n\u2019avons pas re\u00e7u de r\u00e9ponse formelle de la part des cr\u00e9anciers. Nous supposons qu\u2019ils font de leur mieux.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Le Mozambique doit environ 15 milliards de dollars aux cr\u00e9anciers \u00e9trangers, ce qui \u00e9quivaut \u00e0 environ 100\u00a0% de son produit national brut. Au moins 2 milliards sont d\u00e9tenus par la Chine, qui est le plus gros cr\u00e9ancier du Mozambique. Il y a une dizaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, la dette du Mozambique d\u00e9tenue par la chine \u00e9tait de 45 millions de dollars. Une grande partie des fonds emprunt\u00e9s a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e pour les am\u00e9liorations d\u2019infrastructure.<\/p>\n

Ces am\u00e9liorations, telles que le pont suspendu massif Maputo-Catembe, ont re\u00e7u un financement de l\u2019initiative mondiale chinoise de la Nouvelle route de la soie, programme qui a laiss\u00e9 des douzaines de pays africains aux prises avec un endettement \u00e9norme. La r\u00e9cession \u00e9conomique mondiale provoqu\u00e9e par la pand\u00e9mie du Covid-19 a donn\u00e9 au Mozambique et \u00e0 d\u2019autres pays un choix difficile\u00a0: prendre soin de leurs habitants ou rembourser leurs dettes.<\/p>\n

Le Center for Public Integrity (Centre pour l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 publique) a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les diff\u00e9rentes fa\u00e7ons selon lesquelles l\u2019endettement du Mozambique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de la Chine a affect\u00e9 sa r\u00e9ponse au Covid-19. Sa conclusion\u00a0: la dette envers la Chine nuit \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 du pays d\u2019aider son peuple \u00e0 lutter contre la pand\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n

Le rapport a not\u00e9\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les options d\u2019investissement utilis\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment avec les ressources de la Chine, malgr\u00e9 leurs contributions ant\u00e9rieures au produit national brut, ont eu peu d\u2019impact pour le pays. C\u2019est pourquoi de grands investissements sociaux sont toujours n\u00e9cessaires aujourd\u2019hui pour faire face aux divers d\u00e9fis pos\u00e9s par la pand\u00e9mie.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Bien que les institutions mondiales telles que la Banque mondiale et le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international aient offert au Mozambique et aux autres pays africains des d\u00e9lais pour rembourser leurs dettes globales, les banques chinoises sont moins dispos\u00e9es \u00e0 offrir des all\u00e8gements. Dans le cadre d\u2019un accord conclu par le G20, la Chine a suspendu certains petits pr\u00eats gouvernementaux.<\/p>\n

Les banques institutionnelles chinoises qui financent les projets d\u2019infrastructure et les pr\u00eateurs priv\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 moins g\u00e9n\u00e9reux. Dans certains cas, les banques chinoises ont offert de suspendre les paiements pour le remboursement du principal, ce qui laisse les pays d\u00e9biteurs oblig\u00e9s de verser des paiements sur les int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/p>\n

Le Mozambique a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 ses cr\u00e9anciers chinois, y compris la Banque chinoise d\u2019importation et d\u2019importation, un all\u00e8gement de dette concernant un pr\u00eat de 1,3 milliard de dollars. La Banque d\u2019importation et d\u2019importation est l\u2019une des banques institutionnelles chinoises.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Pour le moment, nous attendons simplement de voir ce que sera la r\u00e9ponse\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Maleiane.<\/p>\n

La Zambie, voisine du Mozambique, a pass\u00e9 une grande partie de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2020 \u00e0 chercher un all\u00e8gement similaire pour les \u00e9normes dettes d\u00e9tenues par les pr\u00eateurs chinois, sans beaucoup de succ\u00e8s. En octobre, la Zambie a manqu\u00e9 de verser un paiement concernant le remboursement de sa dette en euro-obligations, et a indiqu\u00e9 qu\u2019il \u00e9tait probable qu\u2019elle manquerait d\u2019autres versements.<\/p>\n

Ceci ouvre la possibilit\u00e9 pour les cr\u00e9anciers chinois de saisir l\u2019infrastructure financ\u00e9e par ces pr\u00eats, y compris Zesco, la compagnie nationale d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Moody\u2019s Investors Services, agence mondiale de notation, a d\u00e9grad\u00e9 la c\u00f4te de cr\u00e9dit de la Zambie \u00e0 la suite de ce non-paiement partiel. Elle postule que le Mozambique pourrait \u00eatre le prochain candidat potentiel \u00e0 manquer ses versements.<\/p>\n

Comme pour la Zambie, la somme exacte que le Mozambique doit \u00e0 ses pr\u00eateurs chinois est incertaine, puisque quelques-uns de ces pr\u00eateurs imposent des clauses de confidentialit\u00e9. Ceci a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie de pr\u00eats soi-disant cach\u00e9s qui passent entre les mailles du filet lorsqu\u2019on essaie d\u2019\u00e9valuer l\u2019endettement r\u00e9el du Mozambique. Reuters estimait en 2019 que la dette du Mozambique envers la Chine \u00e9tait de l\u2019ordre de 5 milliards de dollars, soit le tiers de son endettement total.<\/p>\n

Le Center for Public Integrity qualifie d\u2019\u00ab\u00a0effrayants\u00a0\u00bb l\u2019ampleur de l\u2019endettement du Mozambique et le manque de transparence fiscale.<\/p>\n

Le Mozambique avait manqu\u00e9 des paiements sur sa dette en 2016, ce qui avait provoqu\u00e9 une baisse de 60\u00a0% de la valeur de sa devise. M. Maleiane d\u00e9clare que la d\u00e9valuation en cours, qui est due en partie aux contraintes \u00e9conomiques li\u00e9es au Covid-19, a contribu\u00e9 aux probl\u00e8mes de remboursement des dettes.<\/p>\n

Le Mozambique souhaite \u00e9viter une r\u00e9p\u00e9tition du non-paiement de 2016 concernant les dettes priv\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Maleiane a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 lors du forum virtuel de la Banque mondiale\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Nous faisons tout notre possible pour susciter la confiance de nos cr\u00e9anciers. Nous avons besoin de l\u2019appui du secteur priv\u00e9. Nous ne devrions pas semer des doutes sur l\u2019avenir\u00a0; sinon, le co\u00fbt des emprunts serait plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du secteur priv\u00e9.\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Le Mozambique rejoint la liste croissante des pays africains qui recherchent, mais re\u00e7oivent rarement, un all\u00e8gement des dettes accablantes d\u00e9tenues par les pr\u00eateurs chinois. Adriano Maleiane, ministre de l\u2019\u00c9conomie et des Finances du Mozambique, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 lors de la r\u00e9union annuelle de la Banque mondiale conduite virtuellement en octobre\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Nous avons travaill\u00e9 avec<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19184,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-19187","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe Mozambique demande aux pr\u00eateurs chinois un all\u00e8gement de ses dettes - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2020\/11\/le-mozambique-demande-aux-preteurs-chinois-un-allegement-de-ses-dettes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le Mozambique demande aux pr\u00eateurs chinois un all\u00e8gement de ses dettes - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Le Mozambique rejoint la liste croissante des pays africains qui recherchent, mais re\u00e7oivent rarement, un all\u00e8gement des dettes accablantes d\u00e9tenues par les pr\u00eateurs chinois. Adriano Maleiane, ministre de l\u2019\u00c9conomie et des Finances du Mozambique, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 lors de la r\u00e9union annuelle de la Banque mondiale conduite virtuellement en octobre\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Nous avons travaill\u00e9 avec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2020\/11\/le-mozambique-demande-aux-preteurs-chinois-un-allegement-de-ses-dettes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ADFmagazine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-24T21:15:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-11-24T21:16:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/GettyImages-1059849808.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ADF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ADFmagazine\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ADFmagazine\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ADF\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/adf-magazine.com\\\/fr\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/le-mozambique-demande-aux-preteurs-chinois-un-allegement-de-ses-dettes\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/adf-magazine.com\\\/fr\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/le-mozambique-demande-aux-preteurs-chinois-un-allegement-de-ses-dettes\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"ADF\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/adf-magazine.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f266a6061389568b5a11465bb38bc025\"},\"headline\":\"Le Mozambique demande aux pr\u00eateurs chinois un all\u00e8gement de ses dettes\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-24T21:15:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-11-24T21:16:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/adf-magazine.com\\\/fr\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/le-mozambique-demande-aux-preteurs-chinois-un-allegement-de-ses-dettes\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":935,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/adf-magazine.com\\\/fr\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/le-mozambique-demande-aux-preteurs-chinois-un-allegement-de-ses-dettes\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/adf-magazine.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/GettyImages-1059849808.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Actualit\u00e9s du Jour\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/adf-magazine.com\\\/fr\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/le-mozambique-demande-aux-preteurs-chinois-un-allegement-de-ses-dettes\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/adf-magazine.com\\\/fr\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/le-mozambique-demande-aux-preteurs-chinois-un-allegement-de-ses-dettes\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/adf-magazine.com\\\/fr\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/le-mozambique-demande-aux-preteurs-chinois-un-allegement-de-ses-dettes\\\/\",\"name\":\"Le Mozambique demande aux pr\u00eateurs chinois un all\u00e8gement de ses dettes - 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