{"id":17155,"date":"2020-08-26T16:00:18","date_gmt":"2020-08-26T20:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=17155"},"modified":"2020-08-26T15:02:03","modified_gmt":"2020-08-26T19:02:03","slug":"les-usines-de-farine-de-poisson-meulent-les-ressources-naturelles-de-la-gambie-pour-les-pulveriser","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2020\/08\/les-usines-de-farine-de-poisson-meulent-les-ressources-naturelles-de-la-gambie-pour-les-pulveriser\/","title":{"rendered":"Les usines de farine de poisson meulent les ressources naturelles de la Gambie pour les pulv\u00e9riser"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

De jeunes Gambiens transportent en \u00e9quilibre sur leur t\u00eate de lourdes caisses de poissons en traversant rapidement le sol glissant d\u2019une usine de farine de poisson appartenant aux Chinois. Ils d\u00e9chargent le poisson sur une grande pile et se d\u00e9p\u00eachent en retournant vers le chalutier pour une autre cargaison. \u00c0 l\u2019usine de farine de poisson de Golden Lead \u00e0 Gunjur, les superviseurs mettent \u00e0 l\u2019amende les employ\u00e9s qui sont trop lents.<\/p>\n

Ahmed Manjang, microbiologiste et activiste de l\u2019environnement \u00e0 Gunjur, a affich\u00e9 une vid\u00e9o de cette sc\u00e8ne d\u2019usine sur Twitter.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Comment est-il possible qu\u2019un pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement comme la Gambie accommode ce niveau de pillage pour [ses] ressources naturelles les plus pr\u00e9cieuses\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9crit-il.<\/p>\n

En Gambie et dans les autres pays d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, c\u2019est un sc\u00e9nario courant qui exasp\u00e8re les habitants locaux. De nombreuses familles d\u00e9pendent de la p\u00eache artisanale depuis des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. 200.000 Gambiens environ comptent sur la p\u00eache et les activit\u00e9s connexes pour leurs revenus. La Gambie combat la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale, non d\u00e9clar\u00e9e et non r\u00e9glement\u00e9e (IUU) dans ses eaux, notamment celle entreprise afin de satisfaire \u00e0 l\u2019avidit\u00e9 internationale pour la farine de poisson.<\/p>\n

La Chine, qui est le premier importateur de farine de poisson du monde, utilise principalement le poisson s\u00e9ch\u00e9 et meul\u00e9 pour nourrir les crevettes (dont le pays communiste est l\u2019un des premiers exportateurs mondiaux) et les porcs.<\/p>\n

Les conservationnistes locaux d\u00e9clarent que les usines de farine de poisson et la p\u00eache IUU \u00e9puisent les stocks de poissons jadis abondants, d\u00e9truisent les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes locaux, contaminent l\u2019environnement et paralysent le tourisme. Lorsque les usines de farine de poisson sont pleines et les navires ne peuvent pas d\u00e9charger leur prise, cette prise est souvent jet\u00e9e \u00e0 la mer et plus tard elle se r\u00e9pand sur la c\u00f4te, selon les habitants locaux.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les plages qui \u00e9taient autrefois un lieu de pr\u00e9dilection pour les touristes sont couvertes de carcasses de poisson malodorantes. L\u2019eau toxique atteint les fermes locales et les r\u00e9coltes sont perdues\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Sulayman Bojang, petit entrepreneur et activiste local avec le Mouvement des jeunes de Gunjur, au Guardian<\/em>. Nous voulons mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation par les usines de farine de poisson, mais la Gambie est l\u2019un des pays les plus pauvres du monde et nous n\u2019avons aucune chance contre les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00c0 Gunjur, sur la c\u00f4te atlantique au Sud-Ouest de la Gambie, les r\u00e9sidents ont intent\u00e9 des poursuites contre Golden Lead et demand\u00e9 une \u00ab\u00a0indemnisation pour les dommages environnementaux\u00a0\u00bb, selon un reportage de Quartz Africa en 2019.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019ouverture de l\u2019usine en 2016, les r\u00e9sidents ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que des carcasses de baleine, tortue, dauphin, anguilles et raies s\u2019\u00e9taient \u00e9chou\u00e9es sur le rivage. Un an plus tard, une lagune voisine a chang\u00e9 de couleur et ses oiseaux et poissons ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 mourir, ce qui a chass\u00e9 les touristes. L\u2019Agence nationale gambienne pour l\u2019environnement a ordonn\u00e9 le retrait du tuyau d\u2019effluents de l\u2019usine, mais plus tard l\u2019usine en a install\u00e9 un nouveau au milieu m\u00eame de la plage de Gunjur, selon Quartz Africa.<\/p>\n

Golden Lead est l\u2019une des trois usines de farine de poisson appartenant aux Chinois qui sont actives dans cette ville de 17.500 habitants. La Gambie est le plus petit pays d\u2019Afrique continentale.<\/p>\n

La p\u00eache IUU des petites esp\u00e8ces de poisson p\u00e9lagiques telles que les ethmaloses et les sardinelles prive aussi l\u2019alimentation des Gambiens d\u2019une source cruciale de prot\u00e9ines, puisque le prix de ces esp\u00e8ces jadis abondantes grimpe.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Notre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire est s\u00e9rieusement menac\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Manjang \u00e0 China Ocean Dialogue, organisation sans but lucratif ax\u00e9e sur les questions environnementales. \u00ab\u00a0La majorit\u00e9 des Gambiens vivent avec moins de 2 dollars par jour et les usines de farine de poisson font directement concurrence aux habitants locaux.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Manjang d\u00e9clare dans une lettre ouverte au minist\u00e8re des P\u00eacheries de Gambie que Golden Lead exporte \u00e0 elle seule 32.000 kilos de poudre de farine de poisson hors de la Gambie chaque mois. La majeure partie est exp\u00e9di\u00e9e en Chine.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Greenpeace Africa a signal\u00e9 en 2019 que Golden Lead \u00e9tait l\u2019une d\u2019une quarantaine d\u2019usines de farine de poisson dans la r\u00e9gion, qui inclut le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal et la Mauritanie. L\u2019organisation environnementale estime que 4 \u00e0 5 kilos de poisson servent \u00e0 fabriquer 1 kilo de farine de poisson.<\/p>\n

    Il est difficile de conna\u00eetre la quantit\u00e9 de poissons que les usines utilisent ou la quantit\u00e9 de farine de poisson qu\u2019elles produisent, d\u00e9clare Dawda Saine, biologiste marin et directeur de l\u2019Agence gambienne pour le d\u00e9veloppement des p\u00eacheries artisanales, au Guardian<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \u00ab\u00a0Elles ne fournissent aucune information\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare M. Saine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF De jeunes Gambiens transportent en \u00e9quilibre sur leur t\u00eate de lourdes caisses de poissons en traversant rapidement le sol glissant d\u2019une usine de farine de poisson appartenant aux Chinois. Ils d\u00e9chargent le poisson sur une grande pile et se d\u00e9p\u00eachent en retournant vers le chalutier pour une autre cargaison. \u00c0 l\u2019usine de farine<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17153,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-17155","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes usines de farine de poisson meulent les ressources naturelles de la Gambie pour les pulv\u00e9riser - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2020\/08\/les-usines-de-farine-de-poisson-meulent-les-ressources-naturelles-de-la-gambie-pour-les-pulveriser\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les usines de farine de poisson meulent les ressources naturelles de la Gambie pour les pulv\u00e9riser - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF De jeunes Gambiens transportent en \u00e9quilibre sur leur t\u00eate de lourdes caisses de poissons en traversant rapidement le sol glissant d\u2019une usine de farine de poisson appartenant aux Chinois. 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