{"id":17081,"date":"2020-08-19T16:00:53","date_gmt":"2020-08-19T20:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=17081"},"modified":"2020-08-21T11:57:01","modified_gmt":"2020-08-21T15:57:01","slug":"les-chalutiers-utilisent-la-tromperie-pour-pecher-illegalement-dans-les-eaux-gambiennes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2020\/08\/les-chalutiers-utilisent-la-tromperie-pour-pecher-illegalement-dans-les-eaux-gambiennes\/","title":{"rendered":"Les chalutiers utilisent la tromperie pour p\u00eacher ill\u00e9galement dans les eaux gambiennes"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

Les chalutiers \u00e9trangers qui pratiquent la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale, non d\u00e9clar\u00e9e et non r\u00e9glement\u00e9e (IUU) aux larges des c\u00f4tes d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest sont en train de d\u00e9cimer les populations jadis abondantes de poissons, en d\u00e9vastant les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes locaux et en mena\u00e7ant la subsistance de plus de 7 millions d\u2019Africains, dont un grand nombre ont des familles qui d\u00e9pendent depuis des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations de la p\u00eache artisanale.<\/p>\n

On estime que la p\u00eache IUU et d\u2019autres pratiques maritimes commerciales ill\u00e9gales pourraient se traduire, pour les pays d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, par des pertes de \u00ab\u00a0pr\u00e8s de 1,95 milliard de dollars sur la cha\u00eene de valorisation des poissons et des pertes de revenus m\u00e9nagers de 593 millions de dollars par an\u00a0\u00bb, selon un reportage de The Africa Report<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Le co\u00fbt de la p\u00eache illicite est particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9lev\u00e9 pour les p\u00eacheurs artisanaux de la Gambie, pays de seulement 2,25 millions d\u2019habitants o\u00f9 plus de 200.000 d\u2019entre eux d\u00e9pendent de la p\u00eache locale pour leur subsistance.<\/p>\n

Les chalutiers chinois sont parmi les pires navires criminels dans les eaux d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest. Peter Hammarstedt, un capitaine de l\u2019organisation sans but lucratif Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, d\u00e9clare qu\u2019il existe deux m\u00e9thodes par lesquelles les navires chinois obtiennent des permis de p\u00eache aupr\u00e8s des pays africains, qui ont des difficult\u00e9s pour observer, contr\u00f4ler et surveiller des milliers de kilom\u00e8tres de voies navigables c\u00f4ti\u00e8res et fluviales.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0[Ou bien ] les vaisseaux de p\u00eache [chinois] font partie de la flotte de p\u00eache des eaux distantes, qui est fortement subventionn\u00e9e par le gouvernement chinois, et ces bateaux versent des droits de p\u00eache, ou bien ils appartiennent \u00e0 une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de p\u00eache nationale [qui est] essentiellement une coop\u00e9rative entre les Chinois et les int\u00e9r\u00eats commerciaux locaux\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9crit le capitaine Hammarstedt \u00e0 ADF<\/em> dans un e-mail. \u00ab\u00a0Dans ce dernier cas, les navires de p\u00eache battent le pavillon du pays africain c\u00f4tier\/insulaire mais la Chine est le propri\u00e9taire b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire. Dans les deux cas, ils comptent sur des agents locaux.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Depuis le d\u00e9but de l\u2019op\u00e9ration conjointe entre la Sea Shepherd et la Marine et le minist\u00e8re des P\u00eacheries de la Gambie, les autorit\u00e9s ont arr\u00eat\u00e9es des membres d\u2019\u00e9quipage de 16 chalutiers ill\u00e9gaux. L\u2019un de ces navires battait pavillon chinois et la Chine \u00e9tait propri\u00e9taire b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire de 11 autres navires. La Sea Shepherd conduit des op\u00e9rations en cours au B\u00e9nin, au Liberia et au Gabon.<\/p>\n

Les braconniers chinois essaient d\u2019\u00e9viter les amendes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la p\u00eache IUU en utilisant de nombreuses techniques. Ils \u00e9teignent leur transpondeur de localisation, ils transmettent des positions et des donn\u00e9es d\u2019identification frauduleuses, ils manipulent les filets de p\u00eache pour contourner les exigences concernant la taille des mailles, ils menacent les observateurs de p\u00eache locaux ou ils leurs offrent des pots-de-vin, et ils transbordent leur prise d\u2019un navire \u00e0 un autre en pleine mer, d\u00e9clare le capitaine Hammarstedt.<\/p>\n

Ils \u00ab\u00a0mentent [aussi] dans leur d\u00e9claration de capacit\u00e9 de p\u00eache sur leur demande de permis. Puisqu\u2019ils paient \u00e0 la tonne, ils peuvent d\u00e9clarer un volume de soute plus faible que le volume r\u00e9el.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Les braconniers pr\u00e9parent des journaux de bord incorrects concernant leur p\u00eache, ce qui ne permet pas aux inspecteurs locaux de d\u00e9terminer le lieu de la prise. Des pratiques de d\u00e9ception, notamment le d\u00e9chargement des prises dans les pays voisins pour \u00e9viter les inspections appropri\u00e9es et la mise en commun des permis entre les navires, sont aussi utilis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Ils peuvent aussi recevoir \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019autorisation de p\u00eacher un type de poisson [par exemple le thon] mais ils pratiquent plut\u00f4t la p\u00eache clandestine d\u2019autres esp\u00e8ces enti\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rentes [telles que] les requins\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9clare le capitaine Hammarstedt. Lorsque leurs actions sont d\u00e9cel\u00e9es, les braconniers d\u00e9clarent en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral que ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas intentionnel, ajoute-t-il.<\/p>\n

La p\u00eache IUU aide aussi \u00e0 soutenir les usines de farine de poisson appartenant \u00e0 la Chine, en Gambie et dans d\u2019autres pays africains. Les usines emploient seulement quelques douzaines de personnes, dont la plupart, et peut-\u00eatre toutes, sont chinoises, et ces usines \u00e9mettent des contaminants. Avant l\u2019ouverture des usines, les p\u00eacheurs locaux vendaient leurs poissons sur les march\u00e9s locaux pour qu\u2019ils soient transform\u00e9s en farine de poisson.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Les chalutiers \u00e9trangers qui pratiquent la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale, non d\u00e9clar\u00e9e et non r\u00e9glement\u00e9e (IUU) aux larges des c\u00f4tes d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest sont en train de d\u00e9cimer les populations jadis abondantes de poissons, en d\u00e9vastant les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes locaux et en mena\u00e7ant la subsistance de plus de 7 millions d\u2019Africains, dont un grand nombre ont<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17079,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-17081","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes chalutiers utilisent la tromperie pour p\u00eacher ill\u00e9galement dans les eaux gambiennes - 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