{"id":16534,"date":"2020-07-08T16:00:34","date_gmt":"2020-07-08T20:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=16534"},"modified":"2020-07-08T13:34:17","modified_gmt":"2020-07-08T17:34:17","slug":"un-tribunal-kenyan-juge-quun-contrat-de-chemin-de-fer-chinois-a-ete-conclu-illegalement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2020\/07\/un-tribunal-kenyan-juge-quun-contrat-de-chemin-de-fer-chinois-a-ete-conclu-illegalement\/","title":{"rendered":"Un tribunal k\u00e9nyan juge qu\u2019un contrat de chemin de fer chinois a \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu ill\u00e9galement"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF <\/em><\/p>\n

La Cour d\u2019appel du Kenya a jug\u00e9 qu\u2019un contrat de 3,2 milliards de dollars concernant le nouveau Standard Gauge Railway (SGR, chemin de fer \u00e0 \u00e9cartement normal) entre Mombasa et Nairobi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu ill\u00e9galement.<\/p>\n

La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de chemin de fer Kenya Railways avait accord\u00e9 le contrat \u00e0 la China Road and Bridge Corp. \u00e0 la suite d\u2019un protocole d\u2019accord en date de 2011. Trois ans plus tard, l\u2019activiste k\u00e9nyan des droits civiques Okiya Omtatah et le barreau du Kenya (principale association de juristes du pays) avaient intent\u00e9 des poursuites dans le but d\u2019arr\u00eater la construction li\u00e9e au projet, en d\u00e9clarant que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 chinoise avait remport\u00e9 le contrat sans suivre la proc\u00e9dure publique correcte d\u2019appel d\u2019offres.<\/p>\n

Un tribunal avait ordonn\u00e9 le non-lieu de l\u2019affaire en 2014 et la construction s\u2019\u00e9tait poursuivie. En juin 2020, les juges de la Cour d\u2019appel ont jug\u00e9 que la proc\u00e9dure d\u2019appel d\u2019offres avait enfreint l\u2019Article 227 de la Constitution du Kenya.<\/p>\n

Ledit article d\u00e9clare que les march\u00e9s publics doivent \u00eatre conclus selon une proc\u00e9dure qui est \u00ab\u00a0juste, \u00e9quitable, transparente, concurrentielle et \u00e9conomique\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

La cour a jug\u00e9 que la soumission n\u2019avait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 sujette \u00e0 un appel d\u2019offres public, ce qui veut dire que les autres soumissionnaires qualifi\u00e9s potentiels n\u2019avaient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 acc\u00e9der au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Global Construction Review<\/em> a signal\u00e9 que la cour avait aussi jug\u00e9 que le contrat enfreignait la loi k\u00e9nyane sur les achats publics et la cession des actifs, qui garantit l\u2019ouverture des appels d\u2019offres des entreprises publiques.<\/p>\n

Le chemin de fer fait partie du projet chinois ambitieux de la Nouvelle route de la soie, qui vise \u00e0 construire une infrastructure \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale financ\u00e9e par la Chine. Depuis l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie mondiale de Covid-19, de nombreux pays ont d\u00fb trouver un \u00e9quilibre entre le paiement de leurs dettes chinoises et la protection de leur \u00e9conomie et de la sant\u00e9 de leurs habitants.<\/p>\n

Les 485 premiers kilom\u00e8tres du projet de chemin de fer ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en service en 2017. La deuxi\u00e8me phase, concernant une voie ferr\u00e9e de 190 kilom\u00e8tres reliant Nairobi \u00e0 Naivasha, a \u00e9t\u00e9 compl\u00e9t\u00e9e en octobre 2019. La r\u00e9alisation de l\u2019extension vers Malaba \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re avec l\u2019Ouganda est pr\u00e9vue pour 2021. Cette derni\u00e8re phase concerne la mise \u00e0 niveau d\u2019une voie ferr\u00e9e dont l\u2019\u00e9cartement est de 1 m. Elle ne sera pas effectu\u00e9e par un ma\u00eetre d\u2019\u0153uvre chinois.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9cartement est la distance entre les deux rails d\u2019une voie ferr\u00e9e. Un \u00e9cartement de 1 m signifie que les rails sont s\u00e9par\u00e9s par une distance de 1 m. Le chemin de fer k\u00e9nyan \u00e0 \u00e9cartement de 1 m est obsol\u00e8te et en mauvais \u00e9tat. Le nouveau chemin de fer poss\u00e8de un \u00e9cartement de 1.435 m\u00e8tre.<\/p>\n

Les deux voies ferr\u00e9es relient Mombasa, ville portuaire principale du Kenya, \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du pays et traversent la capitale de Nairobi.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Omtatah affirme dans son proc\u00e8s de 2014 que le contrat vise un \u00ab\u00a0fournisseur unique\u00a0\u00bb. Sa p\u00e9tition indique que le projet est une \u00ab\u00a0entreprise financ\u00e9e \u00e0 100\u00a0% par le Kenya\u00a0\u00bb, et que les contribuables k\u00e9nyans sont ceux qui doivent payer la facture, selon le reportage de WION, le service d\u2019information bas\u00e9 en Inde.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    On estime que le projet co\u00fbtera 3,5 milliards de dollars, dont 90\u00a0% financ\u00e9 par l\u2019Exim Bank of China sous forme de deux pr\u00eats de 1,6 milliard chacun. Business Daily Africa<\/em> signale que la banque Exim a accord\u00e9 les pr\u00eats sous r\u00e9serve de la nomination d\u2019un ma\u00eetre d\u2019\u0153uvre chinois pour construire et g\u00e9rer la voie ferr\u00e9e, ce qui veut dire que le contrat ne pouvait pas faire l\u2019objet d\u2019un appel d\u2019offres public.<\/p>\n

    La Chine a donn\u00e9 au Kenya une p\u00e9riode de gr\u00e2ce de 5 ans, pendant laquelle le Kenya devait seulement payer les int\u00e9r\u00eats du pr\u00eat, avant de commencer \u00e0 rembourser le co\u00fbt du projet. Cette p\u00e9riode de gr\u00e2ce a pris fin en janvier 2020. Business Daily Africa <\/em>signale aussi que, du fait de la fin de la p\u00e9riode de gr\u00e2ce, les paiements k\u00e9nyans augmenteraient de 130\u00a0%.<\/p>\n

    Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, les revenus produits par le transport des passagers et du fret sur la nouvelle voie ferr\u00e9e n\u2019ont pas d\u00e9fray\u00e9 les co\u00fbts op\u00e9rationnels. Il est estim\u00e9 que l\u2019op\u00e9ration du chemin de fer co\u00fbte 14 millions de dollars par mois, mais qu\u2019elle produit seulement des revenus mensuels de 7,9 millions.<\/p>\n

    Le taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat du pr\u00eat est 3,6 points de pourcentage de plus que la moyenne sur 6 mois du taux LIBOR (taux interbancaire offert \u00e0 Londres), qui est un taux international de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Le pr\u00eat doit \u00eatre rembours\u00e9 sur une p\u00e9riode de 15 ans.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF La Cour d\u2019appel du Kenya a jug\u00e9 qu\u2019un contrat de 3,2 milliards de dollars concernant le nouveau Standard Gauge Railway (SGR, chemin de fer \u00e0 \u00e9cartement normal) entre Mombasa et Nairobi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu ill\u00e9galement. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de chemin de fer Kenya Railways avait accord\u00e9 le contrat \u00e0 la China Road and Bridge<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16403,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-16534","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUn tribunal k\u00e9nyan juge qu\u2019un contrat de chemin de fer chinois a \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu ill\u00e9galement - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2020\/07\/un-tribunal-kenyan-juge-quun-contrat-de-chemin-de-fer-chinois-a-ete-conclu-illegalement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un tribunal k\u00e9nyan juge qu\u2019un contrat de chemin de fer chinois a \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu ill\u00e9galement - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF La Cour d\u2019appel du Kenya a jug\u00e9 qu\u2019un contrat de 3,2 milliards de dollars concernant le nouveau Standard Gauge Railway (SGR, chemin de fer \u00e0 \u00e9cartement normal) entre Mombasa et Nairobi avait \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu ill\u00e9galement. 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