{"id":138721,"date":"2026-08-04T15:56:32","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T19:56:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=138721"},"modified":"2026-08-04T15:56:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T19:56:32","slug":"les-pecheurs-de-sierra-leone-denoncent-la-peche-illegale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2026\/08\/les-pecheurs-de-sierra-leone-denoncent-la-peche-illegale\/","title":{"rendered":"Les p\u00eacheurs de Sierra Leone d\u00e9noncent la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

En Sierra Leone, les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales des chalutiers industriels \u00e9trangers d\u00e9ciment les stocks de poisson et menacent les moyens de subsistance des p\u00eacheurs artisanaux. Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la quantit\u00e9 de poisson que ces derniers attrapent a baiss\u00e9 d\u2019environ 40\u00a0%, selon le syndicat des p\u00eacheurs de Sierra Leone.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas Furay, pr\u00e9sident du syndicat, d\u00e9clare \u00e0 la BBC\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale d\u00e9passe les bornes. La mer nous appartient, mais en ce qui concerne les chalutiers \u00e9trangers, ils viennent pendant la nuit et enfreignent la zone d\u2019exclusion de sept milles marins, ils viennent ici jusqu\u2019au rivage.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

M.\u00a0Turay s\u2019exprime depuis le port de Tombo pr\u00e8s de Freetown. Il montre du doigt plusieurs chalutiers industriels \u00e0 l\u2019horizon, juste \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de la zone \u00e9conomique exclusive. La nuit, ils se rapprochent du rivage, souvent pour p\u00eacher et endommager les filets de poisson plac\u00e9s par les p\u00eacheurs locaux. La r\u00e9paration d\u2019un filet peut co\u00fbter 250\u00a0dollars.<\/p>\n

Les p\u00eacheurs de l\u2019\u00cele Bonthe, \u00e0 environ 110\u00a0km au Sud de Freetown, p\u00eachent en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral le barracuda, le maquereau, la raie, le vivaneau et la sardine, comme le faisaient les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes. Ils d\u00e9clarent que le nombre de navires de p\u00eache \u00e9trangers augmente.<\/p>\n

Le p\u00eacheur Musa Gassimo dit \u00e0 la BBC\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Nous lan\u00e7ons nos filets pendant la soir\u00e9e et nous revenons \u00e0 terre. La nuit, les chalutiers sont venus et ont coup\u00e9 [intentionnellement] les lignes.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Dans toute l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest et dans le monde entier, les chalutiers chinois sont les pires contrevenants de la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale, non d\u00e9clar\u00e9e et non r\u00e9glement\u00e9e (INN), selon l\u2019Indice de risque de p\u00eache INN. Surtout \u00e0 cause des activit\u00e9s de la flotte de p\u00eache chinoise en eaux distantes, la Sierra Leone perd annuellement 50\u00a0millions de dollars \u00e0 cause de la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale. L\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, point sensible mondial de la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale, perd jusqu\u2019\u00e0 9,4\u00a0milliards de dollars par an.<\/p>\n

La p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale a conduit \u00e0 des pertes de plus de 300.000\u00a0emplois li\u00e9s \u00e0 la p\u00eache artisanale et traditionnelle, selon un briefing de strat\u00e9gie d\u2019octobre 2025 publi\u00e9 par le biais de la China Global South Initiative. Sept experts de l\u2019environnement africain l\u2019ont r\u00e9dig\u00e9.<\/p>\n

En plus des dommages subis par l\u2019\u00e9quipement des p\u00eacheurs artisanaux, les navires chinois pratiquent couramment le chalut de fond, qui consiste \u00e0 faire tra\u00eener un filet sur le sol oc\u00e9anique, en ramassant syst\u00e9matiquement toute la faune aquatique. Ceci tue les poissons juv\u00e9niles et conduit au d\u00e9clin des stocks de poisson et \u00e0 la destruction des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes. Dans la r\u00e9gion, on estime que les chalutiers de fond chinois attrapent 2,35\u00a0millions de tonnes de poisson par an, ce qui repr\u00e9sente 50\u00a0% de la prise totale de la flotte chinoise en eaux distantes, d\u2019une valeur de 5\u00a0milliards de dollars, selon le rapport de l\u2019Environmental Justice Foundation.<\/p>\n

Les navires chinois p\u00eachent aussi avec des explosifs, utilisent un \u00e9quipement inad\u00e9quat et battent un \u00ab\u00a0faux pavillon\u00a0\u00bb ou un \u00ab\u00a0pavillon de complaisance\u00a0\u00bb. Un navire bat un faux pavillon lorsqu\u2019il revendique son inscription sur des registres inexistants ou cl\u00f4tur\u00e9s. Selon le Lansing Institute, plus de la moiti\u00e9 des cas d\u2019inscription de faux pavillon sont li\u00e9s \u00e0 des juridictions africaines.<\/p>\n

Ils pratiquent aussi couramment le \u00ab\u00a0saiko\u00a0\u00bb ou transbordement ill\u00e9gal du poisson en mer et utilisent des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9crans, ce qui complique les enqu\u00eates et les poursuites en justice des navires. Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9crans sont cr\u00e9\u00e9es pour d\u00e9tenir les fonds et g\u00e9rer les transactions financi\u00e8res d\u2019une autre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ou d\u2019une personne. Elles ressemblent \u00e0 de vraies entreprises mais existent uniquement sur papier.<\/p>\n

M.\u00a0Turay d\u00e9clare que la corruption nourrit ce fl\u00e9au.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les autorit\u00e9s gouvernementales ont peur d\u2019aider les p\u00eacheurs locaux, dit-il \u00e0 la BBC. Je sais que, si quelqu\u2019un conduit ces affaires ill\u00e9gales, il a l\u2019argent n\u00e9cessaire pour verser des pots-de-vin et des paiements.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Sheku Sei, directeur du minist\u00e8re de la P\u00eache de Sierra Leone, conteste les all\u00e9gations de M.\u00a0Turay, en disant que tous les navires internationaux doivent avoir d\u00e9sormais des transpondeurs qui suivent leurs mouvements, et que les inspecteurs du gouvernement les contr\u00f4lent fr\u00e9quemment. On sait que les chalutiers de p\u00eache ill\u00e9gaux \u00e9teignent leurs transpondeurs pour \u00e9viter d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9tect\u00e9s mais M.\u00a0Sei d\u00e9clare \u00e0 la BBC que cela ne se produit pas en Sierra Leone.<\/p>\n

Le gouvernement de Sierra Leone a combattu la fraude fiscale dans le secteur maritime pour tenter d\u2019\u00e9liminer la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale. Il a aussi investi dans au moins six bateaux pour patrouiller les eaux riveraines, et il a achet\u00e9 du mat\u00e9riel radio, des tablettes \u00e9lectroniques et des t\u00e9l\u00e9phones Android pour aider \u00e0 surveiller et contr\u00f4ler le secteur de la p\u00eache.<\/p>\n

Le briefing de strat\u00e9gie de la China Global South Initiative offre plusieurs recommandations pour dissuader la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale chinoise, notamment\u00a0:<\/p>\n

1. Imposer des amendes plus lourdes aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de p\u00eache qui collaborent avec les chalutiers chinois pour contourner les lois.<\/p>\n

2. Actualiser les p\u00eaches et les politiques des ressources aquatiques.<\/p>\n

3. Investir dans des capacit\u00e9s de la marine et la garde c\u00f4ti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

4. D\u00e9velopper des syst\u00e8mes r\u00e9gionaux de surveillance en temps r\u00e9el utilisant les donn\u00e9es satellitaires et les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019identification automatiques.<\/p>\n

5. \u00c9tablir des syst\u00e8mes publics de notification permettant aux citoyens de rapporter anonymement les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0En d\u00e9mocratisant la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 ce probl\u00e8me, les responsables de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile peuvent diversifier la supervision pour l\u2019\u00e9loigner d\u2019un\u00a0 petit groupe d\u2019acteurs corrompus et de contr\u00f4leurs d\u2019acc\u00e8s appartenant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lite\u00a0\u00bb, ont \u00e9crit les experts de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 environnementale africaine dans leur briefing de strat\u00e9gie de 2025.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En Sierra Leone, les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales des chalutiers industriels \u00e9trangers d\u00e9ciment les stocks de poisson et menacent les moyens de subsistance des p\u00eacheurs artisanaux. Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la quantit\u00e9 de poisson que ces derniers attrapent a baiss\u00e9 d\u2019environ 40\u00a0%, selon le syndicat des p\u00eacheurs de Sierra Leone. Thomas Furay, pr\u00e9sident du syndicat, d\u00e9clare<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":138675,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[565,553,554,551,772],"class_list":{"0":"post-138721","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles","8":"tag-afrique-de-louest","9":"tag-chine","10":"tag-maritime-fr","11":"tag-peche-illegale","12":"tag-sierra-leone-fr"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes p\u00eacheurs de Sierra Leone d\u00e9noncent la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2026\/08\/les-pecheurs-de-sierra-leone-denoncent-la-peche-illegale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les p\u00eacheurs de Sierra Leone d\u00e9noncent la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En Sierra Leone, les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales des chalutiers industriels \u00e9trangers d\u00e9ciment les stocks de poisson et menacent les moyens de subsistance des p\u00eacheurs artisanaux. 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