{"id":12966,"date":"2019-06-21T14:43:13","date_gmt":"2019-06-21T14:43:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=12966"},"modified":"2019-08-21T15:10:48","modified_gmt":"2019-08-21T15:10:48","slug":"un-web-de-menaces-un-univers-de-promesses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2019\/06\/un-web-de-menaces-un-univers-de-promesses\/","title":{"rendered":"UN WEB DE MENACES, UN UNIVERS DE PROMESSES"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alors que l\u2019Afrique comble l\u2019\u00e9cart du num\u00e9rique, elle doit am\u00e9liorer sa cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/h3>\n

Personnel d\u2019ADF<\/i><\/p>\n

La p\u00e9n\u00e9tration de l\u2019Internet<\/b><\/p>\n

La p\u00e9n\u00e9tration de l\u2019Internet en Afrique accuse un retard par rapport \u00e0 beaucoup d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions du monde, mais le continent se rattrape rapidement. Les pays font de gros investissements en c\u00e2bles \u00e0 fibre optique et autre mat\u00e9riel pour rendre l\u2019Internet accessible \u00e0 toutes les classes \u00e9conomiques. Entre 2017 et 2018, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019Internet en Afrique a enregistr\u00e9 une croissance de 20 %,<\/b> le taux de croissance le plus rapide du monde. Au B\u00e9nin, au\u00a0 <\/span>Mozambique, au Niger et en Sierra Leone, le nombre d\u2019utilisateurs de l\u2019Internet a plus que doubl\u00e9 pendant cette p\u00e9riode. Aujourd\u2019hui, 52 pays africains sont connect\u00e9s \u00e0 des c\u00e2bles Internet sous-marins ou \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de fibre optique, et 44 % des habitants vivent \u00e0 moins de 25 kilom\u00e8tres d\u2019un n\u0153ud de fibre optique<\/b> qui fournit un acc\u00e8s Internet \u00e0 haut d\u00e9bit. Bien que cette croissance offre de nombreuses avenues pour le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la gouvernance, elle s\u2019accompagne de risques.<\/p>\n

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Comment les attaques cybern\u00e9tiques affectent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale<\/b><\/p>\n

Les attaques cybern\u00e9tiques deviennent une tactique pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e de ceux qui aiment attaquer \u00e0 distance et \u00e0 un co\u00fbt relativement faible. Les groupes tels que les gouvernements \u00e9trangers hostiles, les activistes, les terroristes et les criminels utilisent d\u00e9sormais ces tactiques. \u00ab La menace des attaques cybern\u00e9tiques prend pied en Afrique, mais les gouvernements et le secteur priv\u00e9 n\u2019ont pas encore investi dans des d\u00e9fenses ad\u00e9quates pour endiguer leur propagation \u00bb, d\u00e9clare William Makatiani, PDG de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 k\u00e9nyane de cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 Serianu. \u00ab La s\u00e9curisation des donn\u00e9es devrait donc \u00eatre une priorit\u00e9 pour les institutions publiques et priv\u00e9es compte tenu de l\u2019\u00e9volution rapide des menaces. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Infrastructure critique :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9seaux \u00e9lectriques, les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019alimentation en eau et les \u00e9gouts, les m\u00e9tros, les barrages et m\u00eame les centrales nucl\u00e9aires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cibl\u00e9s par les attaques cybern\u00e9tiques. Dans de nombreuses r\u00e9gions du monde, cette infrastructure est g\u00e9r\u00e9e par des syst\u00e8mes obsol\u00e8tes et elle est particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rable face aux hackers. Exemple : l\u2019attaque de d\u00e9cembre 2015 sur le r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique ukrainien. Selon les rapports, les attaquants ont utilis\u00e9 un e-mail de hame\u00e7onnage pour gagner l\u2019acc\u00e8s au r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique et provoquer une panne de courant ayant affect\u00e9 230.000 personnes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e8mes d\u2019armement :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019armement modernes sont \u00e9quip\u00e9s de logiciels essentiels embarqu\u00e9s et utilisent la technologie de l\u2019information. Cela peut inclure des syst\u00e8mes de ciblage utilis\u00e9s pour tirer les missiles, des logiciels de vol et des m\u00e9canismes de lancement d\u2019armes. Bien que cette connectivit\u00e9 offre des perfectionnements en temps de guerre, elle laisse aussi ces syst\u00e8mes vuln\u00e9rables face aux intrusions et aux perturbations des adversaires.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Institutions financi\u00e8res :\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Les banques sont les cibles les plus fr\u00e9quentes des attaques cybern\u00e9tiques. Dans certaines attaques, les criminels utilisent un maliciel ou d\u2019autres m\u00e9thodes pour gagner l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux informations stock\u00e9es telles que les num\u00e9ros de carte de cr\u00e9dit, les identifiants de connexion et les num\u00e9ros d\u2019identit\u00e9 fournis par l\u2019\u00e9tat. D\u2019autres attaques visent \u00e0 refuser le service et \u00e0 causer des pannes de syst\u00e8me. La capacit\u00e9 d\u2019un serveur peut \u00eatre d\u00e9pass\u00e9e par des demandes simultan\u00e9es, ce qui peut le paralyser. En 2017 au Kenya, les clients de M-Shwari, service bancaire sur portable, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 leur compte pendant cinq jours. Lorsque l\u2019acc\u00e8s a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9tabli, certaines personnes ont indiqu\u00e9 qu\u2019il leur manquait des fonds.<\/p>\n

Agences gouvernementales :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les bureaux de l\u2019\u00e9tat repr\u00e9sentent une cible attractive pour les cybercriminels. Certains attaquants utilisent un logiciel de ran\u00e7on pour prendre le contr\u00f4le des autres sites d\u2019\u00e9tat ; d\u2019autres veulent voler les informations confidentielles ou secr\u00e8tes du gouvernement. Parfois, le but est une d\u00e9claration politique. Un hacker notoire d\u2019Afrique du Sud a pris le contr\u00f4le des sites Internet de la Pr\u00e9sidence, du Tr\u00e9sor, du Centre de cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 et du minist\u00e8re des Affaires environnementales pour afficher des messages politiques.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alors que l\u2019Afrique comble l\u2019\u00e9cart du num\u00e9rique, elle doit am\u00e9liorer sa cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 Personnel d\u2019ADF La p\u00e9n\u00e9tration de l\u2019Internet La p\u00e9n\u00e9tration de l\u2019Internet en Afrique accuse un retard par rapport \u00e0 beaucoup d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions du monde, mais le continent se rattrape rapidement. Les pays font de gros investissements en c\u00e2bles \u00e0 fibre optique et autre mat\u00e9riel<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12672,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-12966","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUN WEB DE MENACES, UN UNIVERS DE PROMESSES - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/2019\/06\/a-web-of-threats-a-world-of-potential\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UN WEB DE MENACES, UN UNIVERS DE PROMESSES - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alors que l\u2019Afrique comble l\u2019\u00e9cart du num\u00e9rique, elle doit am\u00e9liorer sa cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9 Personnel d\u2019ADF La p\u00e9n\u00e9tration de l\u2019Internet La p\u00e9n\u00e9tration de l\u2019Internet en Afrique accuse un retard par rapport \u00e0 beaucoup d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions du monde, mais le continent se rattrape rapidement. 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