{"id":124348,"date":"2025-04-22T13:33:03","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T17:33:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=124348"},"modified":"2025-04-22T13:33:42","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T17:33:42","slug":"la-turquie-soutient-la-somalie-dans-sa-lutte-continuelle-contre-les-chalutiers-etrangers-illegaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2025\/04\/la-turquie-soutient-la-somalie-dans-sa-lutte-continuelle-contre-les-chalutiers-etrangers-illegaux\/","title":{"rendered":"La Turquie soutient la Somalie dans sa lutte continuelle contre les chalutiers \u00e9trangers ill\u00e9gaux"},"content":{"rendered":"

La Turquie aide \u00e0 renforcer la Somalie dans son combat contre la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale, non d\u00e9clar\u00e9e et non r\u00e9glement\u00e9e (INN) et autres crimes maritimes.<\/p>\n

En 2024, les deux pays ont sign\u00e9 un protocole d\u2019accord pour \u00e9tablir les Forces arm\u00e9es turques comme partenaire maritime de la Somalie en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de police pour une p\u00e9riode de dix ans. La Turquie a convenu de reconstruire, \u00e9quiper et entra\u00eener la Marine somalienne en \u00e9change de 30\u00a0% des revenus produits par la zone \u00e9conomique exclusive de la Somalie. Ceci signifie que les navires de la Marine turque pourraient bient\u00f4t conduire des patrouilles dans les eaux somaliennes, \u00e9crit l\u2019analyste Ada Baser dans la Columbia Political Review.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, la Turquie avait aid\u00e9 la Somalie \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer son secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Elle avait notamment vendu des drones \u00e0 la Somalie, entra\u00een\u00e9 ses unit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9lite, \u00e9tabli la base militaire du Camp TURKSOM et particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des frappes a\u00e9riennes contre les Chebabs. En outre, des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s turques g\u00e8rent l\u2019a\u00e9roport international et le port maritime de Mogadiscio.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs Samira Aden Abdi<\/a> et Halkano Wario<\/a> de l\u2019Institut d\u2019\u00e9tudes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (ISS) \u00e9crivent pour le projet ENACT (Enhancing Africa\u2019s Response to Transnational Organized Crime) que la promesse d\u2019Ankara pour d\u00e9velopper la capacit\u00e9 navale de Mogadiscio \u00ab\u00a0aura probablement du succ\u00e8s, en am\u00e9liorant la capacit\u00e9 de cette derni\u00e8re \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler sa zone maritime, arr\u00eater les vaisseaux ill\u00e9gaux, r\u00e9duire les d\u00e9versements de produits toxiques et emp\u00eacher la piraterie, avec la collaboration de la marine turque\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

La p\u00eache INN, souvent pratiqu\u00e9e par les chalutiers industriels chinois, fait perdre \u00e0 la Somalie environ 300\u00a0millions de dollars par an et menace les moyens de subsistance de pr\u00e8s de 90.000\u00a0p\u00eacheurs artisanaux. La Chine r\u00e9git la flotte de p\u00eache en eau profonde la plus vaste du monde, et elle est de loin le pire contrevenant mondial de la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale, selon l\u2019Indice de risque de p\u00eache INN. Parmi les dix premi\u00e8res entreprises mondiales engag\u00e9es dans la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale, huit sont chinoises.<\/p>\n

Ce n\u2019est pas seulement la Chine qui pille les eaux somaliennes. Des navires iraniens, sud-cor\u00e9ens, espagnols, ta\u00efwanais et d\u2019autres pays y sont aussi actifs ill\u00e9galement.<\/p>\n

Un chercheur de Mogadiscio ayant demand\u00e9 l\u2019anonymat d\u00e9clare que les op\u00e9rateurs de certains vaisseaux de p\u00eache ont obtenu ill\u00e9galement des permis de p\u00eache. Il dit \u00e0 l\u2019ISS\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Il est impossible pour le gouvernement de conna\u00eetre la quantit\u00e9 de poisson captur\u00e9e, car ils le d\u00e9clarent rarement. Ils transforment le poisson et l\u2019exporte vers les march\u00e9s internationaux.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

L\u2019octroi des permis de p\u00eache dans les r\u00e9gions semi-autonomes telles que le Pount et le Somaliland complique leur mise en application. Par exemple, le minist\u00e8re des P\u00eaches et des Ressources maritimes du Pount peut \u00e9mettre des permis de p\u00eache sur une p\u00e9riode de plus d\u2019un an, ce qui est plus long que la p\u00e9riode standard de trois mois du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral somalien.<\/p>\n

En d\u00e9cembre 2018, Abdillahi Bidhan, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque ministre des P\u00eaches de Somalie, a conclu un accord d\u2019un million de dollars permettant \u00e0 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises de p\u00eacher \u00e0 moins de 24\u00a0milles marins du littoral du pays. Le minist\u00e8re des P\u00eaches et de l\u2019\u00c9conomie des oc\u00e9ans de Somalie a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ISS que l\u2019accord serait renouvel\u00e9 selon des \u00e9valuations annuelles ind\u00e9pendantes des stocks de poissons. Il est toujours en vigueur et les p\u00eacheurs locaux disent qu\u2019ils ont vu des chalutiers chinois qui ne respectent pas les lois locales.<\/p>\n

Mohamoud Khalid Hassan, a\u00een\u00e9 de la collectivit\u00e9 d\u2019Eyl, d\u00e9clare \u00e0 Al Jazeera\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ils [les chalutiers] se rapprochent beaucoup de la c\u00f4te lorsqu\u2019ils pillent les poissons, et ils sont arm\u00e9s. Nous pouvons seulement rester sur la rive et observer ce qui se passe. Nous sommes impuissants.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Mohamoud Nur Hasan, membre du sous-comit\u00e9 parlementaire des p\u00eaches et des ressources naturelles, d\u00e9clare \u00e0 l\u2019ISS que ces accords manquent aussi de transparence.<\/p>\n

La p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale a conduit au d\u00e9clin des stocks de thon jaune tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9 de Somalie. Ces stocks sont pr\u00e8s de s\u2019effondrer. En septembre dernier, les autorit\u00e9s somaliennes ont d\u00e9voil\u00e9 de nouvelles proc\u00e9dures d\u2019exploitation normalis\u00e9es (PEN) pour octroyer des permis de p\u00eache du thon aux vaisseaux actifs dans la zone \u00e9conomique du pays, qui s\u2019\u00e9tend sur pr\u00e8s de 1,1\u00a0million de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s, selon un reportage de Seafood Source. Le plan vise \u00e0 aider \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les activit\u00e9s de p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale des vaisseaux industriels et semi-industriels, tout en augmentant les opportunit\u00e9s des p\u00eacheurs artisanaux.<\/p>\n

Abdi Dirshe, directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des p\u00eaches de Somalie, d\u00e9clare \u00e0 Seafood Source\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Cette initiative a pour objet d\u2019encourager les pratiques de p\u00eache durable, d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la transparence en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9glementation et de soutenir le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique local \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des fronti\u00e8res maritimes de la Somalie. L\u2019introduction de ces PEN et directives est un jalon important dans les efforts somaliens de r\u00e9glementation responsable de l\u2019industrie de la p\u00eache au thon.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Selon le Service de recherche du Parlement europ\u00e9en, la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale est li\u00e9e \u00e0 d\u2019autres crimes transnationaux organis\u00e9s, notamment le blanchiment d\u2019argent, la corruption et la servitude \u00e0 bord des vaisseaux de p\u00eache. Elle a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9e comme justification de la piraterie.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 la fin novembre 2024, une bande de p\u00eacheurs somaliens, arm\u00e9s et m\u00e9contents, a saisi un chalutier de p\u00eache chinois de la flotte Liao Dong Yu \u00e0 50\u00a0km de la c\u00f4te. Le navire poss\u00e9dait des permis de p\u00eache obtenus aupr\u00e8s des autorit\u00e9s semi-autonomes du Pount et n\u2019\u00e9tait donc pas suivi par le minist\u00e8re de la P\u00eache et de l\u2019\u00c9conomie des oc\u00e9ans de Somalie. Selon le Horn Observer, le permis du chalutier avait \u00e9t\u00e9 octroy\u00e9 par le minist\u00e8re de la P\u00eache et des Ressources marines du Pount en septembre 2020 et avait expir\u00e9 en septembre 2024. Les pirates ont lib\u00e9r\u00e9 le vaisseau et son \u00e9quipage de 18\u00a0membres vers la mi-janvier moyennant une ran\u00e7on estim\u00e9e \u00e0 2\u00a0millions de dollars.<\/p>\n

L\u2019un des corsaires a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 Al\u00a0Jazeera que ni lui ni ses confr\u00e8res p\u00eacheurs ne sont des pirates\u00a0; ils sont des membres d\u2019une \u00ab\u00a0communaut\u00e9 assi\u00e9g\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb. Il a accus\u00e9 les vaisseaux chinois de surexploiter les stocks de poissons et de menacer les moyens de subsistance des p\u00eacheurs somaliens locaux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Turquie aide \u00e0 renforcer la Somalie dans son combat contre la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale, non d\u00e9clar\u00e9e et non r\u00e9glement\u00e9e (INN) et autres crimes maritimes. En 2024, les deux pays ont sign\u00e9 un protocole d\u2019accord pour \u00e9tablir les Forces arm\u00e9es turques comme partenaire maritime de la Somalie en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de police pour une<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":124342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[553,554,551,1028,538],"class_list":{"0":"post-124348","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles","8":"tag-chine","9":"tag-maritime-fr","10":"tag-peche-illegale","11":"tag-piraterie","12":"tag-somalie"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa Turquie soutient la Somalie dans sa lutte continuelle contre les chalutiers \u00e9trangers ill\u00e9gaux - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/ar\/?p=124351\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Turquie soutient la Somalie dans sa lutte continuelle contre les chalutiers \u00e9trangers ill\u00e9gaux - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La Turquie aide \u00e0 renforcer la Somalie dans son combat contre la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale, non d\u00e9clar\u00e9e et non r\u00e9glement\u00e9e (INN) et autres crimes maritimes. 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