{"id":124030,"date":"2025-04-02T10:54:28","date_gmt":"2025-04-02T14:54:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=124030"},"modified":"2025-04-02T10:56:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-02T14:56:17","slug":"une-mine-de-cuivre-chinoise-aneantit-une-riviere-de-zambie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2025\/04\/une-mine-de-cuivre-chinoise-aneantit-une-riviere-de-zambie\/","title":{"rendered":"Une mine de cuivre chinoise an\u00e9antit une rivi\u00e8re de Zambie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un pilote de l\u2019Arm\u00e9e de l\u2019air zambienne (ZAF) pilotait son h\u00e9licopt\u00e8re \u00e0 basse altitude pour observer les berges de la rivi\u00e8re pleines de poissons morts. \u00c0 la fin f\u00e9vrier, sa mission consistait \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les dommages \u00e9cologiques d\u2019un d\u00e9versement massif d\u2019acide concentr\u00e9 et de m\u00e9taux lourds toxiques provenant d\u2019une mine de cuivre appartenant \u00e0 la Chine, qui avait contamin\u00e9 le Kafue, la voie navigable la plus importante du pays.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0On pouvait voir une couche ou une pellicule d\u2019huile sur l\u2019eau, a-t-il dit \u00e0 ADF. Elle \u00e9tait un peu blanch\u00e2tre, couleur cr\u00e8me, et on a vu beaucoup de poissons morts. Nous avons mis de la chaux dans l\u2019eau pour augmenter le pH. Cela nous a pris environ cinq jours.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Cinquante millions de litres de d\u00e9chets toxiques de la mine ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9vers\u00e9s dans la rivi\u00e8re Mwambashi, un affluent du Kafue, juste \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de la ville mini\u00e8re de Chambishi le 18 f\u00e9vrier lorsqu\u2019un mur en terre de qualit\u00e9 inf\u00e9rieure du r\u00e9servoir de d\u00e9chets toxiques de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 s\u2019est effondr\u00e9 au site de la mine de cuivre de Sino-Metals Leach, qui appartient \u00e0 l\u2019entreprise d\u2019\u00e9tat China Nonferrous Metals Industry Group.<\/p>\n

Les d\u00e9chets contenaient de l\u2019acide concentr\u00e9, des solides dissous et des m\u00e9taux lourds. Les enqu\u00eateurs ont d\u00e9cel\u00e9 des signes de pollution \u00e0 plus de 100\u00a0km en aval sur le Kafue.<\/p>\n

Luwi Nguluka, directrice des communications pour l\u2019organisation Wildlife Crime Prevention de Zambie, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 ADF\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Une rivi\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 bel et bien an\u00e9antie. Ce d\u00e9versement acide est une catastrophe \u00e9cologique. Il faudra des ann\u00e9es pour vraiment comprendre les cons\u00e9quences \u00e0 long terme. Les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes fluviaux auront besoin de temps pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer leur \u00e9quilibre et la perte de biodiversit\u00e9 et des moyens de subsistance classifient ceci comme un acte d\u2019\u00e9cocide.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Cette vue a\u00e9rienne de la digue \u00e0 rejets au site de la mine de cuivre Sino-Metals Leach pr\u00e8s de la localit\u00e9 de Chambishi (Zambie) le 19 f\u00e9vrier montre une br\u00e8che par laquelle des millions de litres d\u2019effluents toxiques se sont d\u00e9vers\u00e9s. ASSOCIATED PRESS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

On estime que 60\u00a0% des Zambiens vivent dans le bassin du Kafue et d\u00e9pendent de ses eaux. Les poissons repr\u00e9sentent la plus grande source de prot\u00e9ines de l\u2019alimentation zambienne et la rivi\u00e8re fournit l\u2019eau potable pour environ 5\u00a0millions de personnes, notamment les r\u00e9sidents de la capitale de Lusaka. Le gouvernement a rapidement ordonn\u00e9 la fermeture de l\u2019alimentation en eau de Kitwe, ville \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du Kafue avec une population de plus de 700.000\u00a0personnes. Les autorit\u00e9s ont averti les gens de ne pas p\u00eacher ni manger les esp\u00e8ces aquatiques de la rivi\u00e8re, et de ne pas utiliser son eau chez eux.<\/p>\n

Le gouvernement a aussi annonc\u00e9 une investigation ind\u00e9pendante pour \u00e9valuer les dommages des moyens de subsistance, des communaut\u00e9s et des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes environnants.<\/p>\n

Mike Mposha, ministre de l\u2019\u00c9conomie verte et l\u2019Environnement, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le 26 f\u00e9vrier, selon le journal Lusaka Times\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le gouvernement est tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par le danger potentiel provoqu\u00e9 par ce d\u00e9versement acide. Nous nous sommes engag\u00e9s \u00e0 assurer que Sino-Metals Leach Zambia Limited soit tenue responsable pour la pollution de l\u2019environnement et de l\u2019eau qui a provoqu\u00e9 la perte des r\u00e9coltes et des commerces pour les habitants de Chambishi, Kalulushi et Kitwe.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Mme\u00a0Nguluka d\u00e9clare que ce d\u00e9versement est l\u2019une des crises environnementales les plus graves de l\u2019histoire du pays.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La forte acidit\u00e9 et les m\u00e9taux lourds ont d\u00e9vast\u00e9 les stocks de poissons, en provoquant des difficult\u00e9s pour respirer et survivre, dit-elle. Les poissons qui survivent sont affaiblis, plus expos\u00e9s aux maladies, et ont des difficult\u00e9s pour se reproduire. Les m\u00e9taux lourds toxiques tels que le cuivre, le cobalt et le mangan\u00e8se s\u2019accumulent dans le corps, ce qui les rend impropres \u00e0 la consommation.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Maggie Mwape, directrice ex\u00e9cutive de l\u2019organisme sans but lucratif Centre pour la justice environnementale bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Lusaka, a exprim\u00e9 ses inqui\u00e9tudes graves sur les efforts de restauration.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Il est probable que le processus de nettoyage sera long, complexe et co\u00fbteux, dit-elle \u00e0 ADF. La question de savoir si les communaut\u00e9s affect\u00e9es pourraient jamais \u00eatre pleinement indemnis\u00e9es pour leurs pertes demeure incertaine. Le processus de restauration doit \u00eatre transparent, inclusif et responsable pour assurer que les besoins des communaut\u00e9s locales soient prioris\u00e9s.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

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ASSOCIATED PRESS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La Chine \u00e9tend rapidement sa pr\u00e9sence dans l\u2019industrie de l\u2019extraction du cuivre en Zambie, deuxi\u00e8me producteur de cuivre d\u2019Afrique et neuvi\u00e8me du monde. Le cuivre, repr\u00e9sentant 85\u00a0% du total des exportations zambiennes, est un composant cl\u00e9 des smartphones, des panneaux solaires et autre technologie \u00e9lectronique.<\/p>\n

Bien que les autorit\u00e9s aient ferm\u00e9 les op\u00e9rations de la mine de cuivre de Sino-Metals Leach, les Zambiens sont furieux de la catastrophe et exigent que le gouvernement am\u00e9liore la r\u00e9glementation et la supervision d\u00e9ficientes de l\u2019industrie.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ing\u00e9nieur en environnement Mweene Himwinga a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Associated Press\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ceci r\u00e9v\u00e8le r\u00e9ellement la n\u00e9gligence de certains investisseurs concernant la protection de l\u2019environnement. Ils ne semblent pas \u00eatre concern\u00e9s, sans aucune consid\u00e9ration. Et je pense que c\u2019est vraiment inqui\u00e9tant parce que, en fin de compte, pour nous en tant que Zambiens, [c\u2019est] la seule terre que nous avons.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Le pilote de la ZAF survolait le Kafue alors que des aviateurs larguaient des sacs lourds de chaux dans la rivi\u00e8re. Ses pens\u00e9es se sont tourn\u00e9es vers les gens et les animaux sauvages en aval. Comme ses compatriotes, il souhaite que les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises qui dominent l\u2019industrie mini\u00e8re soient mieux engag\u00e9es et prennent plus de responsabilit\u00e9 envers le peuple et la terre.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ils gagnent beaucoup d\u2019argent, et devraient donc \u00eatre capables de pouvoir mieux s\u00e9curiser ces produits chimiques\u00a0\u00bb, dit-il.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un pilote de l\u2019Arm\u00e9e de l\u2019air zambienne (ZAF) pilotait son h\u00e9licopt\u00e8re \u00e0 basse altitude pour observer les berges de la rivi\u00e8re pleines de poissons morts. \u00c0 la fin f\u00e9vrier, sa mission consistait \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les dommages \u00e9cologiques d\u2019un d\u00e9versement massif d\u2019acide concentr\u00e9 et de m\u00e9taux lourds toxiques provenant d\u2019une mine de cuivre appartenant \u00e0 la<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":124016,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[553,1152,1042,983,732],"class_list":{"0":"post-124030","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles","8":"tag-chine","9":"tag-mining-fr","10":"tag-pollution","11":"tag-securite-de-leau","12":"tag-zambie"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUne mine de cuivre chinoise an\u00e9antit une rivi\u00e8re de Zambie - 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