{"id":11801,"date":"2019-01-29T18:13:43","date_gmt":"2019-01-29T18:13:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=11801"},"modified":"2019-02-07T17:07:43","modified_gmt":"2019-02-07T17:07:43","slug":"le-condor-brun-dethiopie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2019\/01\/le-condor-brun-dethiopie\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00ab LE CONDOR BRUN D\u2019\u00c9THIOPIE \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

En 1910, dans la ville am\u00e9ricaine de Gulfport (Mississippi), un jeune gar\u00e7on appel\u00e9 John Robinson observa un hydravion amerrir dans une baie pr\u00e8s de chez lui. Le gar\u00e7on vit le pilote effectuer des acrobaties a\u00e9riennes pour les spectateurs et il sentit que sa destin\u00e9e allait changer.<\/p>\n

John Robinson d\u00e9cida que sa mission serait d\u2019apprendre \u00e0 piloter. Sa m\u00e8re lui expliqua que ce but \u00e9tait quelque peu inhabituel pour un jeune afro-am\u00e9ricain au d\u00e9but du 20\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Cela ne fit que raffermir sa r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n

M. Robinson montra qu\u2019il poss\u00e9dait une compr\u00e9hension excellente des machines et il fut finalement accept\u00e9 au prestigieux Tuskegee Institute, coll\u00e8ge pour Noirs am\u00e9ricains, pour obtenir un dipl\u00f4me de m\u00e9canicien automobile. Nullement d\u00e9courag\u00e9 par les d\u00e9fis auxquels il faisait face \u00e0 cause des pr\u00e9judices, il alla \u00e0 Chicago et porta sa candidature \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole d\u2019aviation Curtiss-Wright, en pensant que les opinions concernant un pilote noir pourraient \u00eatre plus lib\u00e9rales dans le Nord de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n

Il avait tort. Sa candidature rejet\u00e9e maintes fois, il accepta un emploi de concierge \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole pendant le week-end. Un professeur appel\u00e9 Bill Henderson nota l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de M. Robinson et devint son mentor. M. Robinson devint finalement le premier \u00e9tudiant noir de l\u2019\u00e9cole. Il s\u2019associa avec des enthousiastes noirs de l\u2019aviation qui partageaient la m\u00eame vision et forma l\u2019Aero-Study Group.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
John Robinson, alors qu\u2019il \u00e9tait pilote dans l\u2019Arm\u00e9e de l\u2019air \u00e9thiopienne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu son brevet de pilote, M. Robinson et son associ\u00e9 Cornelius Coffey fond\u00e8rent l\u2019Association des pilotes de l\u2019air Challenger pour les Afro-Am\u00e9ricains qui voulaient piloter. Il ouvrit aussi l\u2019\u00e9cole d\u2019aviation John Robinson \u00e0 Robbins (Illinois). Sa plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre contribution \u00e0 l\u2019histoire de l\u2019aviation am\u00e9ricaine fut peut-\u00eatre de persuader son alma mater, le Tuskegee Institute, d\u2019ouvrir une \u00e9cole d\u2019aviation pour les Afro-Am\u00e9ricains, qui formerait finalement les Tuskegee Airmen de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. C\u2019est pour cela que John Robinson est souvent appel\u00e9 le \u00ab p\u00e8re des Tuskegee Airmen \u00bb.<\/p>\n

En 1935, frustr\u00e9 par le manque d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s pour les aviateurs noirs en Am\u00e9rique et d\u00e9sireux de soutenir le dernier bastion d\u2019Afrique non colonis\u00e9, M. Robinson d\u00e9clara son intention de se porter volontaire pour d\u00e9fendre l\u2019\u00c9thiopie dans son conflit avec l\u2019Italie. L\u2019empereur Ha\u00efl\u00e9 S\u00e9lassi\u00e9, cherchant d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment un soutien contre les puissantes forces arm\u00e9es italiennes, nomma M. Robinson officier. M. Robinson accepta et se rendit en \u00c9thiopie. Devenu le colonel John Robinson, il trouva une force a\u00e9rienne surtout compos\u00e9e de petits a\u00e9ronefs en bois, non arm\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Le colonel Robinson conduisit l\u2019Arm\u00e9e de l\u2019air \u00e9thiopienne dans une guerre qui ne pouvait pas \u00eatre gagn\u00e9e contre l\u2019invasion europ\u00e9enne. Il pilota des missions de r\u00e9approvisionnement, de renseignement et d\u2019urgence m\u00e9dicale, en r\u00e9ussissant \u00e0 \u00e9chapper \u00e0 un adversaire sup\u00e9rieur. Il \u00e9tait connu \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque sous le nom de \u00ab Condor brun d\u2019\u00c9thiopie \u00bb. Il retourna aux \u00c9tats-Unis en 1936.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, M. Robinson retourna dans l\u2019\u00c9thiopie lib\u00e9r\u00e9e. Ayant trouv\u00e9 dans la Su\u00e8de un partenaire international plus dispos\u00e9, l\u2019empereur Ha\u00efl\u00e9 S\u00e9lassi\u00e9 remit le commandement de l\u2019ETAF \u00e0 cette nation et M. Robinson fonda une \u00e9cole de pilotage pr\u00e8s de la capitale. Son \u00e9cole fournit les premiers pilotes de la ligne a\u00e9rienne Ethiopian Airlines nouvellement cr\u00e9\u00e9e, aujourd\u2019hui l\u2019une des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s g\u00e9antes de l\u2019aviation commerciale africaine.<\/p>\n

M. Robinson est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 lors d\u2019un accident d\u2019avion \u00e0 Addis-Abeba en mars 1954. Il avait 50 ans.<\/p>\n

Le major Ryan McCaughan de l\u2019Arm\u00e9e de l\u2019air des \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e9tudie au coll\u00e8ge du commandement a\u00e9rien et du personnel de l\u2019Arm\u00e9e de l\u2019air des \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e0 la base a\u00e9rienne Maxwell en Alabama. Il \u00e9tait pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment chef adjoint du bureau de la coop\u00e9ration sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ambassade am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019Addis-Abeba.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En 1910, dans la ville am\u00e9ricaine de Gulfport (Mississippi), un jeune gar\u00e7on appel\u00e9 John Robinson observa un hydravion amerrir dans une baie pr\u00e8s de chez lui. Le gar\u00e7on vit le pilote effectuer des acrobaties a\u00e9riennes pour les spectateurs et il sentit que sa destin\u00e9e allait changer. John Robinson d\u00e9cida que sa mission serait d\u2019apprendre \u00e0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11540,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-11801","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00ab LE CONDOR BRUN D\u2019\u00c9THIOPIE \u00bb - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/2019\/01\/the-brown-condor-of-ethiopia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00ab LE CONDOR BRUN D\u2019\u00c9THIOPIE \u00bb - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En 1910, dans la ville am\u00e9ricaine de Gulfport (Mississippi), un jeune gar\u00e7on appel\u00e9 John Robinson observa un hydravion amerrir dans une baie pr\u00e8s de chez lui. 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