{"id":112903,"date":"2024-03-12T14:08:26","date_gmt":"2024-03-12T18:08:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=112903"},"modified":"2024-03-12T14:08:52","modified_gmt":"2024-03-12T18:08:52","slug":"le-chemin-de-fer-du-kenya-ne-satisfait-pas-du-tout-aux-attentes-et-provoque-une-hausse-de-lendettement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2024\/03\/le-chemin-de-fer-du-kenya-ne-satisfait-pas-du-tout-aux-attentes-et-provoque-une-hausse-de-lendettement\/","title":{"rendered":"Le chemin de fer du Kenya ne satisfait pas du tout aux attentes et provoque une hausse de l\u2019endettement"},"content":{"rendered":"
PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

Le SGR (Standard Gauge Railway, chemin de fer \u00e0 \u00e9cartement standard) construit par la Chine au Kenya \u00e9tait cens\u00e9 devenir rentable en transportant le fret entre Mombasa et la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, le Rwanda et l\u2019Ouganda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Une \u00e9tude de faisabilit\u00e9 chinoise qui justifiait le projet pr\u00e9tendait que le SGR transporterait 22\u00a0millions de tonnes de fret par an, soit 20\u00a0trains par jour. Selon certaines estimations, le chemin de fer transporte seulement le quart environ de cette charge.<\/p>\n

Les critiques du projet se multiplient \u00e0 cause de ses carences, de la nature opaque de l\u2019accord et de l\u2019endettement qu\u2019il suscite.<\/p>\n

Daniel Tipape, conducteur de mototaxi qui travaille pr\u00e8s de la ligne principale du chemin de fer, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 au New York Times\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ils ont dit que ce train serait un progr\u00e8s, mais pour qui\u00a0? Parfois, nous construisons des choses simplement pour les construire.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

La construction du projet de 4,7\u00a0milliards de dollars a commenc\u00e9 en 2014. Le projet s\u2019est arr\u00eat\u00e9 tr\u00e8s loin de la fronti\u00e8re ougandaise lorsque les pr\u00e9occupations concernant le remboursement de la dette ont incit\u00e9 les pr\u00eateurs chinois \u00e0 freiner le financement.<\/p>\n

Le chemin de fer aboutit aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 plus de 300\u00a0km de l\u2019Ouganda. Ce dernier a abandonn\u00e9 le projet, qui fait partie de la BRI chinoise (Nouvelle Route de la soie), en choisissant plut\u00f4t d\u2019utiliser une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 turque pour d\u00e9velopper son c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la ligne ferroviaire.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9conomiste k\u00e9nyan Tony Watima a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 au New York Times\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le SGR est un perturbateur \u00e9conomique, social et fiscal. La perturbation qu\u2019il a cr\u00e9\u00e9e dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie k\u00e9nyane sera ressentie pendant des ann\u00e9es.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

L\u2019avenir du chemin de fer reste incertain alors que la Chine continue \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le financement et le Kenya continue \u00e0 rembourser ses emprunts de pr\u00e8s de 5\u00a0milliards de dollars aupr\u00e8s des banques chinoises.<\/p>\n

Un grand nombre de pr\u00eats chinois accord\u00e9s au Kenya et \u00e0 d\u2019autres pays africains sont des pr\u00eats \u00ab\u00a0sans concession\u00a0\u00bb aupr\u00e8s d\u2019institutions telles que la Banque d\u2019exportation et d\u2019importation de Chine. De ce fait, ils ne peuvent pas \u00eatre abandonn\u00e9s. Au lieu de cela, les pr\u00eats sont souvent ren\u00e9goci\u00e9s pour prolonger leur dur\u00e9e et augmenter les paiements bien au-del\u00e0 des conditions initiales.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9conomiste k\u00e9nyan Victor Kimosop affirme que le projet aurait pu \u00eatre entrepris diff\u00e9remment.<\/p>\n

Il d\u00e9clare \u00e0 Voice of America\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0J\u2019aurais voulu que ceux qui sont responsables pour le SGR aient consid\u00e9r\u00e9 le remboursement. C\u2019est un investissement massif\u2026 pour \u00eatre rembours\u00e9 en 20 ou 30 ans. C\u2019\u00e9tait tr\u00e8s ambitieux.\u2026 L\u2019autre probl\u00e8me, c\u2019est notre mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9veloppement, de compensation. Cela rend le d\u00e9veloppement tr\u00e8s on\u00e9reux\u2026 et il offre aussi des opportunit\u00e9s de corruption.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Le groupe de r\u00e9flexion am\u00e9ricain Council on Foreign Relations d\u00e9clare que de nombreux accords BRI exigent l\u2019utilisation de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s chinoises, ce qui conduit \u00e0 la majoration des co\u00fbts.<\/p>\n

Kingsley Moghalu, ex-gouverneur adjoint de la Banque centrale du Nigeria, d\u00e9clare que les probl\u00e8mes internes affectant l\u2019\u00e9conomie chinoise ont conduit \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction consid\u00e9rable de financement pour les projets BRI.<\/p>\n

Il d\u00e9clare \u00e0 la BBC\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les niveaux de financement au cours des deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es n\u2019ont pas exc\u00e9d\u00e9 2\u00a0milliards de dollars sur le continent.\u00a0\u00bb Il ajoute que ce chiffre est en baisse, compar\u00e9 aux estimations de 10 \u00e0 20\u00a0milliards de dollars il y a une dizaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Mais l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de P\u00e9kin pour les projets africains de la BRI ne s\u2019est pas dissip\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Au d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier, la Chine a annonc\u00e9 un plan pour d\u00e9penser plus d\u2019un milliard de dollars afin de remettre en \u00e9tat un chemin de fer connectant la r\u00e9gion productrice de cuivre de Zambie au port tanzanien de Dar es Salam sur l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien, selon un reportage de Bloomberg. La Chine a construit et financ\u00e9 cette ligne ferroviaire de 1.860\u00a0km appel\u00e9e Tazara dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, mais la ligne s\u2019est d\u00e9labr\u00e9e et fonctionne aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 une fraction de sa capacit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La Tanzanie et la Zambie ont convenu de c\u00e9der une concession de chemin de fer \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tat chinoise China Civil Engineering Construction Corp., selon un reportage du Maritime Executive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF \u00a0 Le SGR (Standard Gauge Railway, chemin de fer \u00e0 \u00e9cartement standard) construit par la Chine au Kenya \u00e9tait cens\u00e9 devenir rentable en transportant le fret entre Mombasa et la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, le Rwanda et l\u2019Ouganda. Une \u00e9tude de faisabilit\u00e9 chinoise qui justifiait le projet pr\u00e9tendait que le SGR transporterait 22\u00a0millions<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":112895,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[463,553,1667],"class_list":{"0":"post-112903","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles","8":"tag-afrique-de-lest","9":"tag-chine","10":"tag--fr"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe chemin de fer du Kenya ne satisfait pas du tout aux attentes et provoque une hausse de l\u2019endettement - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2024\/03\/le-chemin-de-fer-du-kenya-ne-satisfait-pas-du-tout-aux-attentes-et-provoque-une-hausse-de-lendettement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le chemin de fer du Kenya ne satisfait pas du tout aux attentes et provoque une hausse de l\u2019endettement - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF \u00a0 Le SGR (Standard Gauge Railway, chemin de fer \u00e0 \u00e9cartement standard) construit par la Chine au Kenya \u00e9tait cens\u00e9 devenir rentable en transportant le fret entre Mombasa et la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, le Rwanda et l\u2019Ouganda. 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