{"id":111933,"date":"2024-01-09T14:45:19","date_gmt":"2024-01-09T19:45:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=111933"},"modified":"2024-01-09T14:47:08","modified_gmt":"2024-01-09T19:47:08","slug":"les-groupes-extremistes-suivent-le-modele-de-boko-haram-en-faisant-la-guerre-a-leducation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2024\/01\/les-groupes-extremistes-suivent-le-modele-de-boko-haram-en-faisant-la-guerre-a-leducation\/","title":{"rendered":"Les groupes extr\u00e9mistes suivent le mod\u00e8le de Boko Haram en faisant \u00ab la guerre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/p>\n

Les groupes arm\u00e9s du Niger ont intensifi\u00e9 leur ciblage des \u00e9coles pour essayer de recruter de nouveaux membres et d\u00e9stabiliser le pays. En 2023, plus de 920\u00a0\u00e9coles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9es, uniquement dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri<\/a>, \u00e0 cause des inqui\u00e9tudes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dans le d\u00e9partement d\u2019Abala au Sud-Ouest du pays, les officiels ont ferm\u00e9 41\u00a0\u00e9coles\u00a0: 31\u00a0pour raison de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et 10\u00a0\u00e0 cause d\u2019un manque d\u2019enseignants, selon Boubacar Oumarou, pr\u00e9fet d\u2019Abala.<\/p>\n

Ce dernier d\u00e9clare \u00e0 Global Voices\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Lorsque les enseignants partent, les \u00e9coles ferment in\u00e9vitablement. Cela n\u2019est pas un bon signe pour nous car nous avons des milliers d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ves. Environ 3.000\u00a0d\u2019entre eux sont actuellement laiss\u00e9s pour compte.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Les \u00e9coles affect\u00e9es sont situ\u00e9es principalement dans la zone des trois fronti\u00e8res entre le Niger, le Burkina Faso et le Mali.<\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019ensemble de la r\u00e9gion du Sahel, les groupes extr\u00e9mistes li\u00e9s \u00e0 al-Qa\u00efda et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique ont adopt\u00e9 une strat\u00e9gie pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment employ\u00e9e par Boko Haram\u00a0: attaquer les \u00e9coles, tuer les enseignants et les \u00e9l\u00e8ves, et prendre pour cible les enfants \u00e0 des fins de recrutement.<\/p>\n

En 2014, Boko Haram avait attaqu\u00e9 une \u00e9cole de Chibok au Nigeria et avait enlev\u00e9 276 lyc\u00e9ennes, en provoquant une hausse d\u2019attaques similaires. Aujourd\u2019hui, les enseignants et les \u00e9l\u00e8ves des zones affect\u00e9es par l\u2019extr\u00e9misme sont sujets \u00e0 une panique quotidienne lorsque les \u00e9coles ouvrent leurs portes.<\/p>\n

Souleymane Badienne, secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des syndicats nationaux des travailleurs de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et de la recherche, d\u00e9clare \u00e0 Global Voices\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0En plus de cette perte de vies humaines, il y a aussi un traumatisme physique. Certains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pourchass\u00e9s et parfois m\u00eame massacr\u00e9s devant leurs \u00e9l\u00e8ves. Il y a aussi le traumatisme psychologique.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Les groupes terroristes arm\u00e9s ont tu\u00e9 dix-sept professionnels de l\u2019enseignement au Burkina Faso en 2023. Depuis 2017 lorsque les premiers rapports d\u2019attaque contre les \u00e9coles du Faso sont apparus, le nombre et la gravit\u00e9 de ce type d\u2019attaque ont augment\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est leur guerre contre l\u2019\u00e9ducation\u00a0\u00bb a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 un enseignant \u00e0 Human Rights Watch (HRW).<\/p>\n

En date de septembre 2023, le quart des \u00e9coles du Faso \u00e9taient ferm\u00e9es, en affectant 1 million d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ves, selon un rapport du groupe de r\u00e9flexion New Lines Institute.<\/p>\n

La situation est pire dans les villes aux mains des groupes militants. Dans la commune de Pama sujette \u00e0 un blocus, seulement 2 \u00e9coles sur un total de 8 sont toujours ouvertes, et il y a seulement six enseignants pour \u00e9duquer plus de 1.000\u00a0\u00e9l\u00e8ves.<\/p>\n

Boureima S. (nom d\u2019emprunt) avait 14\u00a0ans lorsque des hommes arm\u00e9s mont\u00e9s sur des motos ont attaqu\u00e9 son \u00e9cole du Faso en 2018, dans le village de B\u00e9l\u00e9h\u00e9d\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0J\u2019\u00e9tais en classe lorsque les terroristes sont venus. \u2026 Ils ont fait feu et nous nous sommes tous enfuis pour nous sauver, dit-il \u00e0 HRW. Ensuite, lorsque nous sommes retourn\u00e9s, j\u2019ai vu qu\u2019ils avaient mis le feu \u00e0 la moto du directeur d\u2019\u00e9cole\u2026, aux bureaux de l\u2019\u00e9cole\u2026 et aux cahiers des \u00e9l\u00e8ves.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Les attaques font partie d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e pour faciliter le recrutement terroriste. Un rapport de 2023 publi\u00e9 par le Programme de d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019ONU a d\u00e9couvert que la plupart des nouvelles recrues des groupes arm\u00e9s proviennent des zones rurales et ont peu d\u2019\u00e9ducation.<\/p>\n

Dans la r\u00e9gion du lac Tchad, le taux d\u2019analphab\u00e9tisme des jeunes atteint 70\u00a0%, selon New Lines Institute. Des taux plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s limitent les opportunit\u00e9s permettant aux jeunes de rejoindre l\u2019\u00e9conomie formelle et trouver un emploi, ce qui pousse certains jeunes \u00e0 rejoindre les organisations extr\u00e9mistes.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les taux d\u2019alphab\u00e9tisation en baisse d\u00e9stabilisent chroniquement la r\u00e9gion et compliquent le chemin \u00e0 long terme du progr\u00e8s pour les jeunes, \u00e9crivent les chercheurs du New Lines Institute. Alors que de plus en plus d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ves sont retir\u00e9s des \u00e9coles et que la population africaine continue \u00e0 cro\u00eetre, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation est crucial pour lutter contre l\u2019extr\u00e9misme.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Il existe des preuves selon lesquelles les groupes d\u2019insurg\u00e9s emploient d\u00e9sormais cette strat\u00e9gie en Afrique centrale. En R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, l\u2019intensification de la violence extr\u00e9miste affecte surtout les \u00e9l\u00e8ves des provinces du Nord-Kivu et de l\u2019Ituri. Pendant l\u2019ann\u00e9e scolaire 2022-2023, la violence des groupes arm\u00e9s a forc\u00e9 plus de 2.100 \u00e9coles \u00e0 fermer leurs portes et \u00e0 priver d\u2019\u00e9ducation 750.000\u00a0enfants, selon le rapport du New Lines Institute.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Sans \u00e9ducation appropri\u00e9e, les adolescents ont des ressources et des opportunit\u00e9s minimes de croissance et de progr\u00e8s, ce qui les laisse chercher d\u2019autres opportunit\u00e9s pour la communaut\u00e9 et l\u2019emploi\u00a0: c\u2019est l\u2019une des raisons principales pour lesquelles les gens rejoignent les groupes extr\u00e9mistes violents\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9crivent les chercheurs du New Lines Institute.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Les groupes arm\u00e9s du Niger ont intensifi\u00e9 leur ciblage des \u00e9coles pour essayer de recruter de nouveaux membres et d\u00e9stabiliser le pays. En 2023, plus de 920\u00a0\u00e9coles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9es, uniquement dans la r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri, \u00e0 cause des inqui\u00e9tudes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Dans le d\u00e9partement d\u2019Abala au Sud-Ouest du pays, les<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":111928,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[1218,1220,993,487,1282],"class_list":{"0":"post-111933","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles","8":"tag-afrique-centrale","9":"tag-boko-haram-fr","10":"tag-lac-tchad","11":"tag-sahel-fr","12":"tag-terrorism-fr"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes groupes extr\u00e9mistes suivent le mod\u00e8le de Boko Haram en faisant \u00ab la guerre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00bb - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2024\/01\/les-groupes-extremistes-suivent-le-modele-de-boko-haram-en-faisant-la-guerre-a-leducation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les groupes extr\u00e9mistes suivent le mod\u00e8le de Boko Haram en faisant \u00ab la guerre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00bb - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Les groupes arm\u00e9s du Niger ont intensifi\u00e9 leur ciblage des \u00e9coles pour essayer de recruter de nouveaux membres et d\u00e9stabiliser le pays. 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