{"id":105028,"date":"2023-04-25T14:53:01","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T18:53:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=105028"},"modified":"2023-04-25T14:53:27","modified_gmt":"2023-04-25T18:53:27","slug":"la-reponse-regionale-ameliore-la-perspective-au-cabo-delgado","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2023\/04\/la-reponse-regionale-ameliore-la-perspective-au-cabo-delgado\/","title":{"rendered":"La r\u00e9ponse r\u00e9gionale am\u00e9liore la perspective au Cabo Delgado"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/em><\/p>\n

Des signes de progr\u00e8s incr\u00e9mentiel durement gagn\u00e9 apparaissent dans la lutte du Mozambique contre l\u2019insurrection extr\u00e9miste violente qui tourmente depuis 2017 la province du Cabo Delgado au Nord du pays.<\/p>\n

Il y a deux ans, la bataille de Palma avait marqu\u00e9 un point d\u2019inflexion dans l\u2019approche du pays pour combattre les terroristes li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique.<\/p>\n

Au moins 300 militants d\u2019Ansar al-Sunna avaient saisi et terroris\u00e9 cette ville c\u00f4ti\u00e8re de 75.000 r\u00e9sidents entre le 24 mars et le 5 avril 2021, en tuant des dizaines de civils et de soldats, d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant des dizaines de milliers d\u2019autres personnes et d\u00e9truisant plusieurs b\u00e2timents.<\/p>\n

L\u2019attaque a aussi menac\u00e9 un projet de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 de 20\u00a0milliards de dollars crucial pour l\u2019avenir \u00e9conomique du pays, \u00e0 4\u00a0km de Palma.<\/p>\n

Pendant les combats, le chercheur principal Martin Ewi de l\u2019Institut d\u2019\u00e9tudes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (ISS) a not\u00e9 que les efforts antiterroristes en Afrique \u00e9chouent habituellement dans l\u2019absence d\u2019une collaboration bilat\u00e9rale ou r\u00e9gionale.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Je ne pense pas que le Mozambique puisse vaincre l\u2019insurrection parce qu\u2019aucun gouvernement n\u2019a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 le faire tout seul\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 Al Jazeera le 30 mars 2021. \u00ab\u00a0Nous ne devrions pas imaginer que le Mozambique \u00e0 lui seul puisse trouver une solution pour r\u00e9soudre ce qui se passe au Cabo Delgado.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

C\u2019\u00e9tait la premi\u00e8re attaque revendiqu\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique au Mozambique, ce qui signalait son succ\u00e8s et donnait \u00e0 l\u2019insurrection locale une attention mondiale.<\/p>\n

En cons\u00e9quence, les autorit\u00e9s mozambicaines ont chang\u00e9 leur riposte.<\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, un pacte militaire bilat\u00e9ral avec le Rwanda et ses 2.800 soldats a aid\u00e9 \u00e0 stabiliser Palma, alors que la mission de la Communaut\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019Afrique australe au Mozambique (SAMIM) et son effectif de 1.900 ont aid\u00e9 \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la situation s\u00e9curitaire dans d\u2019autres zones de la province.<\/p>\n

En avril, l\u2019Afrique du Sud (le plus grand contributeur de troupes de la SAMIM) a prolong\u00e9 le d\u00e9ploiement de 1.495\u00a0soldats jusqu\u2019en avril 2024.<\/p>\n

La province \u00e9tant s\u00e9curis\u00e9e par les soldats, les routes importantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rouvertes. Certaines transactions commerciales et l\u2019aide humanitaire ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 retourner avec quelques services de base limit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

De fa\u00e7on plus importante, environ 350.000\u00a0d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes sont rentr\u00e9s chez eux en date de la fin mars 2023.<\/p>\n

Toutefois, les rebelles affaiblis se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9s r\u00e9silients en adoptant un style de gu\u00e9rilla avec des cellules mobiles plus petites.<\/p>\n

Le chercheur en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 Borges Nhamirre a \u00e9crit dans une analyse de l\u2019ISS le 3 avril\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La stabilit\u00e9 au Nord-Est de la province se distingue de la situation volatile dans les districts du Nord, du centre et du Sud.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les insurg\u00e9s qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 chass\u00e9s de Palma, Moc\u00edmboa da Praia et leurs bases sur le fleuve Messalo se sont divis\u00e9s en cellules plus petites. Ils se sont adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 de nouvelles conditions en conduisant des attaques coordonn\u00e9es dans plusieurs districts.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Des probl\u00e8mes de coordination et de communication continuent \u00e0 perturber les forces conjointes. Des sources ont parl\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ISS de plusieurs incidents de tirs amis et d\u2019un cas de drone de surveillance abattu par erreur.<\/p>\n

Une grande partie de la population du Cabo Delgado, soit 850.000 environ, reste d\u00e9plac\u00e9e et les rebelles n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 vaincus.<\/p>\n

Les experts insistent qu\u2019une approche exclusivement militaire ne fera pas dispara\u00eetre l\u2019insurrection.<\/p>\n

Liesl Louw-Vaudran de l\u2019ISS a \u00e9crit en 2022\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, l\u2019Union africaine et son Conseil de la paix et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ont assum\u00e9 un r\u00f4le de second plan. La coordination et une vision commune pour faire face aux causes fondamentales de l\u2019extr\u00e9misme violent seront cruciales \u00e0 l\u2019avenir.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Un rapport r\u00e9cent du Centre pour la d\u00e9mocratie et le d\u00e9veloppement au Mozambique a conclu que la coordination de plusieurs secteurs est cruciale pour faire face aux causes fondamentales de l\u2019insurrection.<\/p>\n

Selon le rapport, \u00ab\u00a0les acteurs militaires dans le secteur de la paix n\u2019ont pas coop\u00e9r\u00e9 efficacement pour partager les informations les uns avec les autres ou avec les acteurs non militaires. Entre-temps, dans le secteur humanitaire, les acteurs ont tendance \u00e0 se faire concurrence pour acc\u00e9der aux ressources plut\u00f4t que de coop\u00e9rer dans la mise en \u0153uvre de leurs programmes.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le manque d\u2019int\u00e9gration entre les approches humanitaires, d\u00e9veloppementales et r\u00e9conciliatrices est le d\u00e9fi principal affectant une riposte efficace \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00e9misme violent au Cabo Delgado.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Des signes de progr\u00e8s incr\u00e9mentiel durement gagn\u00e9 apparaissent dans la lutte du Mozambique contre l\u2019insurrection extr\u00e9miste violente qui tourmente depuis 2017 la province du Cabo Delgado au Nord du pays. Il y a deux ans, la bataille de Palma avait marqu\u00e9 un point d\u2019inflexion dans l\u2019approche du pays pour combattre les terroristes li\u00e9s<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":105021,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[411,822,484,1021,464,466,1127,539],"class_list":{"0":"post-105028","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-dernieres-nouvelles","8":"tag-afrique-du-sud","9":"tag-cdaa","10":"tag-extremisme","11":"tag-insurrection","12":"tag-mozambique-fr","13":"tag-rwanda-fr","14":"tag-samim-fr","15":"tag-terrorisme"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa r\u00e9ponse r\u00e9gionale am\u00e9liore la perspective au Cabo Delgado - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2023\/04\/la-reponse-regionale-ameliore-la-perspective-au-cabo-delgado\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La r\u00e9ponse r\u00e9gionale am\u00e9liore la perspective au Cabo Delgado - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Des signes de progr\u00e8s incr\u00e9mentiel durement gagn\u00e9 apparaissent dans la lutte du Mozambique contre l\u2019insurrection extr\u00e9miste violente qui tourmente depuis 2017 la province du Cabo Delgado au Nord du pays. 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