{"id":104111,"date":"2023-03-22T10:56:48","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T14:56:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/?p=104111"},"modified":"2023-03-27T09:25:03","modified_gmt":"2023-03-27T13:25:03","slug":"le-pelerinage-de-mansa-moussa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2023\/03\/le-pelerinage-de-mansa-moussa\/","title":{"rendered":"Le P\u00e8lerinage De Mansa Moussa"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF<\/p>\n

Le\u00a0<\/span>p\u00e8lerinage islamique annuel du Hajj \u00e0 La Mecque (Arabie saoudite) remonte au septi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, l\u2019\u00e9poque du proph\u00e8te Mahomet. Mais les Musulmans croient que le p\u00e8lerinage remonte \u00e0 des milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es plus t\u00f4t, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque d\u2019Abraham.<\/p>\n

Tous les Musulmans en bonne sant\u00e9 doivent entreprendre le voyage au moins une fois dans leur vie, du moment qu\u2019ils peuvent le faire financi\u00e8rement et qu\u2019ils peuvent continuer \u00e0 soutenir leur famille pendant leur absence. Les consid\u00e9rations financi\u00e8res n\u2019\u00e9taient pas un probl\u00e8me pour le dirigeant de l\u2019empire du Mali, Mansa Moussa, en 1324 lorsqu\u2019il a voyag\u00e9 \u00e0 La Mecque de fa\u00e7on fantastique, en amenant avec lui 60.000 sujets et 12.000 esclaves, dont 500 transportaient chacun environ 3 kg d\u2019or.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La caravane comportait aussi entre 80 et 100 chameaux, chacun transportant 136 kg d\u2019or. Le mansa (empereur) donnait de l\u2019or partout o\u00f9 il allait.<\/p>\n

L\u2019aller-retour a couvert 6,400 km et a dur\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de deux ans.<\/p>\n

Les Malink\u00e9s d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest ont fond\u00e9 l\u2019empire du Mali entre les fleuves Niger et S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. Il a dur\u00e9 de 1235 \u00e0 1670. \u00c0 son point culminant, il comprenait des contr\u00e9es qui font maintenant partie du Burkina Faso, de la Gambie, de la Guin\u00e9e, du Mali, de la Mauritanie, du Niger, du Nigeria, du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal et du Tchad, ou qui les contiennent enti\u00e8rement. Il couvrait 24.000 km carr\u00e9s et \u00e9tait l\u2019un des plus vastes empires du monde, connu pour la richesse fabuleuse de ses dirigeants.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 un moment donn\u00e9, l\u2019empire du Mali avait une population de 40 \u00e0 50 millions d\u2019habitants.<\/p>\n

Le premier dirigeant de l\u2019empire est Soundiata Ke\u00efta, un prince exil\u00e9 appel\u00e9 \u00ab le lion affam\u00e9 \u00bb. Il \u00e9tablit sa capitale \u00e0 Niani sur le Sankarani, lieu riche en or et en fer. Cela lui donne un avantage militaire : de l\u2019argent et un moyen de fabriquer des armes. Mais il a aussi de la chance lorsque la r\u00e9gion est sujette \u00e0 de nombreuses ann\u00e9es de temps sec, ce qui r\u00e9duit la pr\u00e9sence des mouches ts\u00e9-ts\u00e9 qui propagent des maladies mortelles pour les chevaux et autres animaux. Sans les mouches, les \u00e9leveurs et marchands de chevaux et les cavaleries se multiplient dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n

Mansa Moussa devient dirigeant de l\u2019empire du Mali en 1312. Il occupe le tr\u00f4ne apr\u00e8s la disparition de son pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur, Abu-Bakr II, pendant son voyage pour chercher la bordure de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Il profite des vastes ressources naturelles de la r\u00e9gion, des forgerons habiles, des conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques favorables et de la puissance militaire pour rendre son empire immens\u00e9ment riche, peut-\u00eatre le lieu le plus riche du monde \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque. En comparaison, les r\u00e9gions de l\u2019Occident sont en proie \u00e0 des guerres civiles et des circonstances \u00e9conomiques difficiles.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Son p\u00e8lerinage \u00e0 travers l\u2019\u00c9gypte change l\u2019\u00e9conomie du pays, mais pas positivement. De partout, Mansa Moussa d\u00e9pense g\u00e9n\u00e9reusement et distribue de l\u2019or. Ses cadeaux d\u00e9valuent le cours de l\u2019or en \u00c9gypte d\u2019environ 25 %, ce qui d\u00e9clenche un ralentissement \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n

Pendant le p\u00e8lerinage, Mansa Moussa acquiert le territoire de Gao au sein du royaume des Songha\u00ef, dans ce qui est aujourd\u2019hui le Mali. C\u2019est d\u2019une grande importance pour le roi. \u00c0 son retour du p\u00e8lerinage, il fait un d\u00e9tour vers le Sud \u00e0 Gao, o\u00f9 il construira finalement des mosqu\u00e9es et des b\u00e2timents publics.<\/p>\n

Mansa Moussa concentre aussi ses \u00e9nergies sur Tombouctou, en la transformant en centre universitaire islamique majeur. Il recrute des architectes et des \u00e9rudits du monde entier \u00e0 Tombouctou, o\u00f9 il \u00e9tablit la Mosqu\u00e9e Djingareyber. Dans les plus de 500 ann\u00e9es qui suivront, la mosqu\u00e9e deviendra l\u2019un des monuments les plus c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9s d\u2019Afrique.<\/p>\n

On pense qu\u2019il est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 entre 1332 et 1337, mais les r\u00e9cits concernant ses richesses et son p\u00e8lerinage remarquable continuent.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Rudolph Ware, historien d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, d\u00e9clare au magazine Time : \u00ab Imaginez autant d\u2019or qu\u2019un \u00eatre humain soit cens\u00e9 poss\u00e9der, puis multipliez la quantit\u00e9 par 2 : c\u2019est ce que tous les r\u00e9cits essaient de communiquer. C\u2019est l\u2019homme le plus riche qu\u2019on ait jamais vu. \u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Le\u00a0p\u00e8lerinage islamique annuel du Hajj \u00e0 La Mecque (Arabie saoudite) remonte au septi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, l\u2019\u00e9poque du proph\u00e8te Mahomet. Mais les Musulmans croient que le p\u00e8lerinage remonte \u00e0 des milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es plus t\u00f4t, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque d\u2019Abraham. Tous les Musulmans en bonne sant\u00e9 doivent entreprendre le voyage au moins une fois dans leur vie, du<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":103904,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43,40],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-104111","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-image-du-passe","8":"category-rubriques"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe P\u00e8lerinage De Mansa Moussa - Africa Defense Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/fr\/2023\/03\/le-pelerinage-de-mansa-moussa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le P\u00e8lerinage De Mansa Moussa - Africa Defense Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PERSONNEL D\u2019ADF Le\u00a0p\u00e8lerinage islamique annuel du Hajj \u00e0 La Mecque (Arabie saoudite) remonte au septi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, l\u2019\u00e9poque du proph\u00e8te Mahomet. 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